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CLEMSON
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Historic Furnishings Report/HFC
MINUTE MAN
NATIONAL
HISTORICAL PARK
THE WAYSIDE
0.
Recommended: <^-
UepUty Manager, Harpers Ferry-*€enter
Recommended-:
JUN 1 1983
Date
8-3-83
onal listorical Park Date
Recommended
A 'fe% U (Mi
Dek?iA"tvi Regional Director, North Atlantic Region
"Da
)ate
Prepared and published by the Denver Service Center
HISTORIC FURNISHINGS PLAN
THE WAYSIDE
MINUTE MAN NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK
CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS
Prepared under contract by
Doris Fanelli
Harpers Ferry Center
1983
U.S. Department of the Interior / National Park Service / Harpers Ferry Center
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation
http://archive.org/details/historicfurnishiOOfane
CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TEXT /iv
PREFACE /l
DEFINITION OF INTERPRETIVE OBJECTIVES /3
OPERATING PLAN /9
ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL OCCUPANCY /13
Biographical Sketches of Wayside Occupants /13
Room-By-Room Use and Activities /53
BAY WINDOW ROOM /53
DINING ROOM /54
KITCHEN /56
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR OR LIBRARY OR DRAWING ROOM /58
OLD ROOM /58
LOWER FRONT HALL OR MAIN HALLWAY /60
PIAZZA ROOM /60
PIAZZA (WEST) /64
SITTING ROOM /65
EAST CHAMBER /67
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM /68
LARGE BATHROOM /69
MAID'S ROOM AND DRESSING ROOM /70
NORTHEAST CORRIDOR /70
NORTHWEST CORRIDOR /71
SMALL BATHROOM /71
TOWER STUDY /71
UNA'S ROOM 111
UPPER COLONIAL ENTRY /73
UPPER FRONT HALL /73
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM /73
EVIDENCE OF ORIGINAL FURNISHINGS /75
Introduction /75
Room-By-Room Furnishings Evidence /79
BAY WINDOW ROOM /79
DINING ROOM /82
KITCHEN /90
LOWER FRONT HALL /109
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR /113
OLD ROOM /120
PIAZZA ROOM /127
SITTING ROOM /133
EAST CHAMBER /144
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM /151
LARGE BATHROOM /155
MAID'S ROOM /156
SMALL BATHROOM /159
TOWER STUDY /159
UNA'S ROOM /164
UPPER FRONT HALL 7170
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM /172
RECOMMENDED FURNISHINGS /178
Introduction /l 78
BAY WINDOW ROOM /180
DINING ROOM /182
KITCHEN /187
LOWER FRONT HALL /196
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR /198
OLD ROOM /200
PIAZZA ROOM /205
SITTING ROOM /209
EAST CHAMBER /215
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM /218
LARGE BATHROOM /222
MAID'S ROOM /224
SMALL BATHROOM /227
TOWER STUDY /227
UNA'S ROOM /233
UPPER FRONT HALL /238
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM /239
SPECIAL INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION RECOMMENDATIONS
(Diana R. Pardue) /243
BIBLIOGRAPHY /269
n
ILLUSTRATIONS /273
FLOOR PLANS AND ELEVATIONS /398
APPENDICES /415
AWNINGS REPORT /486
Illustrations /497
Appendix /510
l n
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TEXT
HDS: Robert D. Ronsheim, "The Wayside: Historic Structure
Report, Part II, Historic Data Section" (National Park
Service: Division of History, Office of Archaeology and
Historic Preservation, 1968).
HGR: Anna Coxe Toogood, "The Wayside, Historic Grounds Report"
(Washington, D.C.: Office of History and Architecture,
National Park Service, Eastern Service Center, 1970).
ADS: Orville W. Carroll, "The Wayside Historic Structure Report,
Part II, Architectural Data Section" (Washington, D.C.:
Division of Historic Architecture, Office of Archaeology
and Historic Preservation, 1968).
ABA: Amos Bronson Alcott
HML: Harriett Mulford Lothrop
MML: Margaret Mulford Lothrop
MMNHP: Minute Man National Historical Park
IV
PREFACE
Fifteen years of preliminary research by the staff of the National
Park Service and Minute Man National Historical Park and more than
forty years of research by Margaret M. Lothrop expedited the prepa-
ration of this furnishing plan. When the Park Service acquired the
Wayside in 1965, a staff of historians and architectural historians
prepared reports on the property. Their research included the com-
pilation of photocopies of primary materials for MMNHP's Library.
Historians were also able to interview Miss Lothrop and record
first-person accounts of the Wayside during her family's occupancy.
Miss Lothrop devoted much of her life to researching the history of
the Wayside and its occupants. She traveled to various repositories
throughout the United States and examined and hand copied many rele-
vant primary documents. Her research notebooks (numbering over 25
volumes) and items relating to her family's occupancy of the house
are now preserved at MMNHP. Historians Robert Ronsheim and Anna
Coxe Toogood checked her research notes for completeness and accu-
racy when they compiled their own research reports on the property.
Extracts from the research notes are typed and filed in the Park
Library.
In the late 1960s, Robert Ronsheim began to write a furnishing plan
for the Wayside. Althouqh this project was never completed, his
"Draft of Evidence of Historic Furnishings" remains in the park
files. The focus of Ronsheim's plan is the 1913-15 period. By
building on his research, I have been able to maximize my limited
onsite research time and write a more detailed plan than would other-
wise have been possible.
The assistance and cooperation of the staff at MMNHP also made my
research pleasant and efficient. Superintendent Bob Nash gave me
access to all cf the park's documents. Chief of Interpretation Fred
Szarka offered advice and assistance. Curator Michelle West inter-
rupted her own busy schedule to assist me in locating various mate-
rials. Park Technician Robert Derry generously shared his extensive
knowledge of Hawthorne.
DEFINITION OF INTERPRETIVE OBJECTIVES
The Interpretive Prospectus for Minute Man National Historical Park
states that "The Wayside will be interpreted not as a house but rather
as a home, a family home, altered by the needs of successive family
occupations. Its inhabitants will be shown not as isolated figures
but as people living in a changing and growing house within the
context of philosophical, literary, and other changes occurring in
the Concord and broader national community—The American Renais-
sance."! In addition to numerous owners and occupants during its
two hundred and eighty-five years, the house has had many structural
changes. Both types of change—personal and material — are reflected
in this furnishings plan.
The Wayside is restored to its appearance in 1924, the year of
Harriett M. Lothrop's death. The house is interpreted to the Lothrop
period of occupancy, 1883-1924, with reference to the earlier
occupations of the Alcotts and of the Hawthornes.2 This furnishings
plan will follow this interpretation mentioning, when possible, other
occupants of the house.
1. "Interpretive Prospectus: Minute Man National Historical Park,
Massachusetts" (U.S. Department of the Interior: National Park
Service, 1971), p. 23.
2. The operating plan specifies that the visitor will "view the
building through Lothrop eyes" while also hearing about preceding
inhabitants. "Interpretive Prospectus," p. 24.
Reference to preceding occupants of the Wayside is difficult for the
following reasons. There is lack of any information beyond names and
public statistics about many of the pre-1845 occupants and later
renters of the property. What little primary description survives
about the house before 1845 refers only to its exterior appearance,
or to the achievements of its occupants outside of the home, for
3
example, Whitney and Winthrop. A furnishing plan focusing on the
earlier inhabitants of the house would be entirely conjectural, and
such an idealized plan is unnecessary in light of the overwhelming
number of objects and documents from the Lothrop occupancy.
While some biographical information about several of the later inhab-
itants of the house (such as N.C. Peabody, the Manns, Julian Haw-
thorne's family, or the Lathrops) is known, these people lived at the
Wayside for a comparatively brief period and their achievements dur-
ing their residency are overshadowed by the accomplishments, informa-
tion, and furnishings of the Alcotts, Hawthornes, and Lothrops. It
3. For a narrative account of early occupants of the Wayside, see
Robert D. Ronsheim, The Wayside: Historic Structure Report, Part II ,
Historic Data Section (National Park Service: Division of History,
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, 1968). Hereafter
cited as HDS. Ronsheim's excellent report summarizes information
contained in a variety of primary sources. This information was col-
lected by early researchers at Minute Man Park from area repositories
Photocopies of many of the original sources are stored in the park
1 ibrary .
is strongly suspected that the Manns and Nathaniel Peabody lived with
the Hawthornes' furnishings while they were residents of the Wayside.
We also know that when Harriett M. Lothrop rented her home in the
early twentieth century, she kept her furnishings in it. 4
Several themes ran through the lives of the Wayside's occupants
which serve to tie the furnishings plan and the interpretation of the
house together.
All of the principal residents had a strong interest in children's
education and moral development. Amos Bronson Alcott's ideas on edu-
cation and teachina methods are wel 1 -documented in his journals. He
practiced many of these methods in his daughters' educations while at
the Wayside.
Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote children's stories and read his daily
writing to his children each evening to test their reactions to his
work. His brother-in-law, Horace Mann, was a proponent of education
as an eradicator of class distinctions and an abolisher of social
ills. Mann's widow, Mary Peabody Mann and their two sons lived at
the Wayside for nearly ten months while the Hawthornes were in Europe.
Sophia Hawthorne's sister, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, was a disciple
of Emerson and Alcott, an advocate of the kindergarten movement,
4. Two separate inventories of the Lothrop home were made before
it was rented in 1914 and in 1915. See Appendices C and D of this
report for copies of the inventories. The original inventories are at
IP.
and taught the Alcott children. She lived in Concord and frequently
5
visited the Alcotts, Hawthornes, and Lothrops.
Daniel and Harriett Lothrop had interests in the formation of chil-
dren's moral values. Daniel was an early publisher of juvenile
literature. He published one magazine, Wide Awake , at a deficit
because he believed in its value to its young readers. Harriett,
under the pen name Margaret Sidney, wrote the Five Little Peppers
series and other children's books. Sidney's portrayals of the
Peppers epitomize the attitudes of late Victorians toward children
6
and summarize adult expectations of them. Mrs. Lothrop's member-
ship in the Daughters of the American Revolution and her organiza-
tion of the Children of the American Revolution (hereafter cited
as DAR and CAR, respectively) also reflect her interests in the
moral development of children.
Concomitant with an interest in morality and education were the
occupants' social consciousnesses.
Bronson Alcott's lifestyle revolved around social reform. He struc-
tured for his family a philosophically and physically rigorous
5. The definitive biography of the three Peabody sisters is Louise
Hall Tharp, The Peabody Sisters of Salem (Boston: Little, Brown &
Co., 1950).
6. The best source of information about the Lothrops is their
daughter, Margaret Mulford Lothrop, The Wayside: Home of Authors
(New York: American Book Company, 1968) .
existence which was reflected in his occupation and use of the Way-
side. He practiced lacto-ovo vegetarianism and his family abstained
from meat. He ran his household on a strictly timed schedule and
spent much of his productivity at the Wayside constructing additions
to the house and elaborate, rustic gardens which were inspired by
A.J. Downing. The purpose of this construction was the creation of
an ordered environment in which to live a socially-reformed, Utopian
1 i f e .
The Alcotts were abolitionists. They supported the leaders of the
abolitionist movement in Boston, boycotted the products of slave
labor, and even secreted a slave in their home on his underground
journey to freedom in Canada. Their incorporation of social re-
form with transcendental philosophy colored their entire lives.
Certainly, it characterized their years at the Wayside.
The Hawthornes were also anti-slavery. Sophia Peabody and her sis-
ters attended lectures by abolitionists. Hawthorne's reluctance to
accept Franlin Pierce's request to write his campaign biography
stemmed from Pierce's weak stand on the slavery issue.
Harriett Lothrop's preservation efforts and her organization of the
CAR are important to the history of the American preservation move-
ment. The surviving photographs of her "room settings" at the Way-
side are invaluable records. Collecting American antiques was a
flourishing hobby in the nineteenth century long before the Lothrops
purchased the Wayside. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association's pur-
chase of Mount Vernon in 1859 heralded the formal beginning of the
restoration of historic houses in America. Mrs. Lothrop's acquisi-
tion of furnishings, her room arrangements, and her interpretation
of the Wayside are \/ery important activities. They show us a nine-
teenth-century American's view of the past throuqh a conscious re-
creation of history. By setting the Wayside in the Lothrop period
of occupancy, we are doing more than interpreting the lifestyles of
individuals at a particular point in time; we are interpreting to
visitors an interpretation of history. We are seeing the Hawthornes
and Alcotts through the eyes of Harriett and Margaret Lothrop, and
showing the public an important stage in the development of historic
site management. Although this tack is at times confusing and con-
tradictory to the aims of many historic recreations today, the im-
portance of the Wayside to historic interpretation is part of its
uniqueness and we must not lose sight of that fact.
OPERATING PLAN
Visitors to the Wayside are conducted through the house by means of
a personally guided tour. Visitors have access to both the first and
second floors and the Tower Study. Twelve of the fourteen rooms are
shown to the public. Entering at the front door, the tour proceeds
through the following furnished areas: the Sitting Room; the Piazza
Room; the Hawthorne-Lothrop Parlor; Una's Room; the Terrace Room; the
Tower Study; the West Chamber (Hawthorne's Master Bedroom); the East
Chamber (Lothrop Master Bedroom); the Bay Window Room; the Lothrop
Dining Room; the Old Room (Alcott-Hawthorne Kitchen); and the Kitchen.
The lavatory and maids' chambers are not shown to the public (these
are the two rooms behind the East Chamber). Visitors exit through the
kitchen door. Visitor access to all rooms is limited by barriers.
Visitor access to the Wayside Barn (Visitor Center) is through two
doors, one on the east side and one on the west side. There are ex-
hibits, an Eastern National Park & Monument Association sales area,
and an eleven-minute audiovisual program is available to visitors
either at the beginning or end of the tour.
Included with this operating plan are several alternate tour
plans:
Alternative 1: The reverse flow tour;
Alternative 2: A comprehensive tour which includes all 14
rooms.
Alternative 3: A first-floor-only tour for physically
handicapped visitors.
These alternatives, to date untried, are under consideration to
provide greater accessibility to the Wayside.
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33
ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL OCCUPANCY
Biographical Sketches of Wayside Occupants
For a complete list of owners and occupants of the Wayside, see the
chart in Appendix A. This section presents brief biographical
sketches of the Wayside's occupants during their residencies.
ALCOTT FAMILY
Residence at the Wayside: April 1, 1845-November 17, 1848.
Between September, 1857, and June, 1858, they occupied portions of
the house while their home next door was undergoing renovation.
Amos Bronson Alcott
b. November 29, 1799
d. March 4, 1888
Alcott named the property and house, "Hillside" and always referred
1
to it by that name. At various periods of his life, Alcott had been
1. To eliminate confusion, this report will refer to the house and
grounds as the Wayside throughout. Alcott called the property Hill-
side throughout his life.
Odell Shepard's biography of Alcott, Pedlar's Progress, The Life of
Bronson Alcott (New York: Greenwood Press, 1968) is the standard text.
Alcott's journals provide much information about his motivations and
actions while at the Wayside. The original journals are at Widner Li-
brary, Harvard University. Microfilm copies of the journals are at the
Concord Public Library and at MMNHP. Shepard published an edited ver-
sion of the journals in two volumes in The Journals of Bronson Alcott
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1938).
13
employed as a teacher. During his years at the Wayside, Alcott oc-
cupied himself by keeping a journal, teaching his daughters, reno-
vating the house and landscaping the grounds, visiting and receiving
his friends for philosophical conversations, and pursuing his inter-
ests in social reform.
For Bronson Alcott, keeping a journal was almost a full-time occupa-
tion. He published little during his lifetime and his journal is an
excellent record of not only his own but the activities of many of
the Wayside's inhabitants. Journal -keeping, for Alcott, was almost
a mystical experience, a sort of meditation on paper. He showed his
journal to few. Ralph Waldo Emerson was privileged to see it. He
also required his daughters to keep journals which he reviewed:
"Anna wrote a little poem in her Journal and Elizabeth studied the
points and capital letters. I corrected their Journals which they
wrote \/ery faithfully. Louisa was unfaithful and took her dinner
alone." In other entries, Bronson records that he drew pictures of
2
his house for the frontispieces of his daughters' journals.
From the pages of his journal, Alcott emerges as a man with a sense
of personal greatness that his outward achievements belie. He viewed
2. Shepard, ed., April (undated), 1846, p. 174. Alcott often cor-
rected his daughters' writings and then had them make a clean copy
in their journals. This is discussed in Lothrop, pp. 52-3.
14
himself as a philosopher, a counterpart of Plato and Socrates whose
teaching methods he copied. Occasionally, Alcott's entries bemoan
the lack of recognition his plans received and the necessity of
dealing with intellects lesser than his own.
Alcott did not work during his years at the Wayside. Income was
chiefly derived from the contributions of Emerson and his brother-
in-law, Samuel J. May, and from odd jobs that his wife took. Well-
wishing relatives and friends often invited the Alcott daughters
for extended visits that relieved the financially-burdened family.
Alcott did not own the Wayside. Samuel J. May purchased it in trust
for his sister, Abigail May Alcott. May correctly judged his brother-
in-law's inability to manage funds and property.
Although he contributed nothing to the support of his family, Alcott
determined the daily course of events and was commonly acknowledged
as the head of the household. Despite the rosy picture of life in
the Alcott family painted by most biographers, by the girls' jour-
nals (which they knew that their parents read), and by the most
frequently-cited indicator, Little Women (which Louisa wrote twenty
years later at the insistence of her father), monetary problems and
Alcott's insouciance caused tension between Alcott and his wife.
When Abba took her daughters and left Fruitlands (their home before
the Wayside), she became the catalyst for the demise of the communal
experiment. After the family left the Wayside for Boston, she and
15
Alcott again separated for a time. In February, 1848, Mrs. Alcott
was so desperate for a financial solution to her problems that she
seriously contemplated purchasing animals to make the Wayside a
viable, self-supporting farm. This was against her husband's vege-
3
tarian teachings.
Alcott was a yery scheduled individual, as exemplified by the rig-
orous routine he outlined for himself and his family in his journal
Rise at 5 — Light fires--Bathe (Shower Bath)--
Call children, assist in their bathing and
dressing--Shave and dress--Breakfast at 6.
Reading of a hymn, with Conversation. Music--
Prepare wood--7, Read, Study, write till 10.
Instruct the children--12, Dinner Labour till
3 in Garden—Readings with mother and chil-
dren. 5, Bathe and help children's bathing.
6, Supper. Music and Conversation. 7 till 9,
Reading and writing. 9, Bed.
Alcott had a keen interest in children's education. From the early
years of his marriage in Philadelphia, he operated a series of schools
which utilized unorthodox teaching methods. For various reasons (death
3. For a summary of the Alcotts' life at the Wayside, see HDS, pp.
13-19; Anna Coxe Toogood, The Wayside: Historic Grounds Report
(Washington, D.C.: Office of History and Architecture, National Park
Service, Eastern Service Center, 1970), pp. 1-32 (hereinafter cited
as HGR); on converting the Wayside into a self-supporting farm, see
Abigail May Alcott to Samuel J. May, February 13, 1848, as quoted in
HGR, pp. 27-28.
4. Shepard, ed., p. 174. Entry for April 5, 1846.
16
of a wealthy patron, controversial teaching techniques) his schools
failed. While in Concord, Alcott maintained his interests by teach-
5
ing his daughters. On Sundays, he also taught the Emerson children.
Renovating the house and landscaping the gardens consumed much of
Alcott' s time. The additions and improvements that he made to the
property are recorded by Orville W. Carroll in the architectural
report on the Wayside. In her report on the historic grounds at
the Wayside, Anna Coxe Toogood records that Alcott spent up to
nine hours per day from April through October, 1845, working on
6
the gardens and grounds. He planted a large vegetable garden for
the family's subsistence as well as ornamental flowers and foliage.
The entire family spent a great deal of time outdoors during the
warm weather. Classes, family entertainments such as reading and
singing, even bathing, took place outside. In fact, Alcott's rec-
ords of the grounds are far more detailed and precise than the sur-
viving records of the interior and its furnishings during his ten-
ancy.
5. Ibid., pp. 476-77, 467, 484. For additional information about
Alcott's early schools and his family's reaction to them, see Martha
Saxton, Louisa May, A Modern Biography of Louisa May Alcott (Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1977).
6. Orville W. Carroll, The Wayside: Historic Structure Report ,
Part II, Architectural Data Section (Washington, D.C.: Division of
Historic Architecture, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preserva-
tion, 1968). Hereafter cited as ADS: HGR, p. 10.
17
Alcott moved to Concord to be close to other transcendental ist
thinkers with whom he felt a bond. His friend, and often patron,
Ralph Waldo Emerson, was his most frequent visitor. Henry David
Thoreau and William Ellery Channinq were also part of Alcott 's
circle and called at the Wayside. These friendships made Alcott's
life in Concord tolerable for, as he recorded in his journal, "I
am scarcely on human relations with any one of my townsmen. The
coarse tie of appetite brinqs us toqether in field, or road, and
7
farm house."
Alcott supplemented his aqrarian periods with visits to Boston and
brief lecture tours. Throuqhout his life he spent portions of
e\/ery winter travel inq in the Northeastern United States qivinq
"conversations" or public lectures. In 1846, for instance, he ad-
dressed the Peace Society, the Abolition Society, and the Teachers'
Institute of Providence. Unfortunately, these junkets yielded
8
Alcott little profit until much later in his life.
An interest in social reform continued to characterize Alcott's
years at the Wayside. Althouqh his Fruitlands experiment failed
before he moved to Concord, he still harbored hopes of establish-
7. Alcott Journal, XX, entry for April 25, 1846, microfilm at
MMNHP, as quoted in HGR, p. 22.
8. Lothrop, p. 70. Cf. Saxton, for comments on Bronson's travels
18
ing a communal living situation. Bronson wrote to his brother,
Junius, encouraging him to move into the Wayside with him. Junius
did not comply. Charles Lane and his son stayed six weeks during
the summer of 1845. Between May and December of that same year,
Miss Sophia Ford of Northampton came to stay with the Alcotts in
hopes of establishing a school. During her stay, she taught the
Alcott girls. When the prospect of a school diminished, she moved
on to the Emersons ' and taught there. Sidney Southworth, George
Leach, and Frederick L.H. Willis, an orphan, and later a Harvard
divinity student, lived at the Wayside during summer vacations.
Willis fondly recalled his visits and pleasant afternoons in the
Alcott parlor. His communal instincts aside, Alcott quite probably
wanted to expand the income base of his household. Mrs. Alcott did
9
not share her husband's interests in communal living.
Another guest in the Alcott home reflected Alcott 1 s commitment to
abolitionism. For two weeks the family sheltered a fugitive slave
from Maryland on his way to Canada. The Alcotts boycotted slave
9. Information about Bronson Alcott's plans and the guests at the
Wayside can be found in HDS, pp. 17-18, and in HGR, pp. 7, 19; and
in Lothrop, pp. 74-75. Charles Lane commented that Mrs. Alcott
"wished to keep her family small, and made it uncomfortable for
guests." Quoted in Frank B. Sanborn and William T. Harris, Amos
Bronson Alcott, His Life and Philosophy , I and II, (New York:
Bi bio and Tanner, 1965 after 1893 edition), p. 67, excerpts, type-
script, MMNHP files.
19
products (except leather and cotton which they could not do without)
10
as an expression of commitment to their cause.
Abigail May Alcott
b. October 8, 1800
d. November 25, 1877
Abba Alcott has left less of a written record of her years at the
Wayside than her husband. Much of her time was spent mothering her
four daughters and keeping house. She also endeavored to earn money
to support her family. She placed advertisements in the local news-
papers for students. Unfortunately few answered the invitation. On
August 9, 1845, she wrote to her brother, Samuel J. May, that she
11
"engaged a little scholar for $2 per week." She took in a fifteen-
year-old girl who was intended to be placed in a mental institution
by her parents. Instead, they arranged for Mrs. Alcott to care for
12
their daughter (Eliza Stearns) for one year, for $4 a week. In
1848, Abba and her daughter, Abby, spent the summer at Waterford,
Maine, where Abba worked at a health spa to earn money for her fam-
ily.
Preparing the Wayside for repair in order that the house might fetch
10. Lothrop, pp. 69-70; also cited in HDS, p. 19.
11. Abigail May Alcott to Samuel J. May, Lothrop, A, VII, park
files.
12. Abigail Alcott to Samuel J. May, 11/2/1846, typescript copy,
MMNHP files.
20
13
a good price also consumed Abba's energies. Because of her hus-
band's inability or refusal to earn any money, Mrs. Alcott assumed
a central role as provider for the family. When they finally sold
the house and moved into Boston, it was her decision to do so. Out
of necessity, she became the initiator of whatever actions the fam-
ily took.
Anna Bronson Alcott
b. March 16, 1831
d. July 17, 1893
The oldest of the four Alcott daughters, Anna, was 14 when the fam-
ily moved to the Wayside. Records of her actions and interests are
few. She enjoyed playing the piano, much to her sister Louisa's
annoyance, "She [Annal is too lazy to do anything but drum on the
14
Seraphine till we are stunned with her noise." Anna enjoyed her
studies. She noted in her journal on February 18, 1846, that, "I
15
think it is the pleasantest thing I do to read German." Like her
father, Anna became a teacher. She taught her sisters, while at the
13. HGR, p. 26
14. MMNHP files, MML notes, Hunt X, Annie M.L. Clark, The Alcotts
in Harvard (J.C.L. Clark, 1902), p. 41. The letter from Louisa is
believed to be from the Wayside.
15. Quoted in J. Bonstelle and M. de Forest, eds., Little Women ,
Letters from the House of Alcott , MMNHP files; Lothrop, p. 76
notes that Anna's German teacher was George Brandon.
21
Wayside, and the Emerson children in their home. Bronson noted in
his journal that "Anna has taken her sisters into the school room,
16
spends hours with them daily." Anna's journals also note her
enjoyment of long walks and of sewing. Anna spent the winter of
1847-48 in Boston with her cousin, Elizabeth Wells. The motive
for this event was probably the Alcotts need for money and their
17
inability to support themselves.
Louisa May Alcott
b. November 29, 1832
d. March 6, 1888
Louisa May Alcott was twelve years old when her family moved to
the Wayside. Her most recent biographer, Martha Saxton, has writ-
ten a perceptive account of Louisa's relationship to her family,
in particular, to her father. There was friction between Bronson
and Louisa stemming from her inherent free spirit and boundless
adolescent energy, and his insistence upon the tractability of his
daughters. Throughout most of her youth, Bronson unfavorably com-
pared Louisa to her older sister, Anna, and berated her independent
nature. Louisa drew close to her mother during this period. The
16. ABA Journal, Tuesday, September 29, 1846, as cited in park
files.
17. Abigail May Alcott to Samuel J. May, January 10, 1848, MML
notes, Alcott Family Letters, 3, 1828-1861, MMNHP as cited in
HGR, p. 27.
22
two frequently communicated by means of journal entries and notes.
An example of Louisa's inner struggle is the March, 1846, entry in
her journal which was intended for her mother's eyes:
I have made a plan for my life, as I am in my
teens and no more a child. .. .People think I'm
wild and queer; but mother understands and
helps me. I have not told any one about my
plan: but I'm going to be_ good. I've made so
many resolutions, and written sad notes, and
cried over my sins.... Now I'm going to work
really , for I feel a true desire to improve,
and be a help and comfort, not a care and sor-
row, to my dear mother.
During her years at the Wayside, Louisa craved privacy and free-
dom to develop as an individual, common desires for an adolescent.
In her opinion, a room of her own was a great victory:
I have at last got the little room I have
wanted so long, and am very happy about it.
It does me good to be alone, and mother has
made it very pretty and neat for me. My work-
basket and desk are by my window, and my clos-
et is full of dried herbs that smell very nice
The door that opens into the garden will be
very pretty in summer,, and I can run off to
the woods when I like.
Louisa's joys were the use of Emerson's library, long walks alone,
writing, and producing plays in which she and her sisters and
18. Lothrop, p. 57.
19. Ibid., pp. 56-57,
23
20
their friends performed. She began, while at the Wayside, to
21
show the literary promise that came to fruition years later.
During the summer of 1848, she assumed her sister Anna's job of
teaching the Emerson children. They often had their lessons in
the Wayside's barn.
Elizabeth Sewell Alcott
b. June 24, 1835
d. March 14, 1858
Elizabeth was nine when her family moved to the Wayside. The
journal that she kept during her residency there details many of
the activities of a small girl. She played school in the garret
with her younger sister and her cousin. She enjoyed her school
lessons and records time spent in the family's "school room."
Elizabeth spent a lot of time following her father about in the
gardens at the Wayside. In May, 1846, she went to Walden, the
home of Bronson Alcott 1 s friend, Henry David Thoreau. There,
"Father got some very pretty trees to set out." Three days later,
she "saw father put the pump in the garden." Elizabeth also
20. Clara Gowing, The Alcotts As I Knew Them (Boston: The CM.
Clark Publishing Company, 1909), p. 1 3 as quoted in park files,
recalls that the materials for the play costumes were stored in
the attic at the Wayside. One costume which Louisa made and wore
herself is now on display at the Orchard House next door to the
Wayside.
21 . Lothrop, pp. 56-76.
24
helped with household chores. In August, she "washed the napkins
and towels. After Dinner I ironed and made a little bonnet for
my doll." In addition to playing with her doll, Elizabeth enjoyed
reading, writing in her journal, and playing cards and checkers
22
with her sister, Abba.
The family celebrated Elizabeth's twelfth birthday in the garden
with lights, "music, and some tableau arranged by her mother and
sisters, and to which her little friends from the villaae were
invited. The effect was yery pretty and gave infinite satisfac-
tion to the little company." In December, 1847, Elizabeth was
sent to spend the winter in Boston with a family friend, Miss
Robie. From her father's description of the event, the separa-
23
tion was not voluntary, but financially necessary.
Abba May Alcott
b. July 28, 1840
d. December 29, 1879
Abba was the youngest Alcott child and only four years old when
they moved to the Wayside. Her personal records of her occupancy
22. All of the references to Elizabeth's journal are from the
microfilm copy of the journal at MMNHP, and extracted by Robert
D. Ronsheim, notes in park files.
23. The party is recorded by Bronson Alcott in his journal,
June 24, 1847 and guoted in Lothrop, p. 54. Elizabeth's winter
in Boston is mentioned by her father in a letter to Anna Alcott,
December 10, 1847, in MML notes, Family Letters, 1_, and guoted
in HGR, p. 27.
25
are fewer than those of other family members. We know more about
Abba from the observations of her parents and sisters. She often
played with her sister, Elizabeth, who recorded the events in her
journal (see above). Her skill at drawing, so well demonstrated
during her adolescence and young adulthood at the Orchard House,
was not yet developed at the Wayside. In a letter to his wife,
Bronson describes Abba sitting "with her feet on the table by the
window" of his study. Young Abba May's energetic presence is felt
more than directly expressed at the Wayside. Even her mother omits
mention of her when she describes her daughters, "My girls are
doing well, Louisa enjoying the season--weeds with her father like
a Trojan--Anna sticks to the books--and Elizabeth is smiling on
every thing as if love was as cheap as dirt." Abba accompanied
her mother to Waterford in 1848. The family thought of her as
24
their baby and frequently referred to her as Abby.
HAWTHORNE FAMILY
Residence at the Wayside: May, 1852 (purchased in March)--October,
1868. Between July 6, 1853, and June 28, 1860, the family lived
in Enqland where Nathaniel Hawthorne was U.S. Consul stationed in
Liverpool, and in Italy.
24. Postscript by ABA in a letter from Abby to Abba May Alcott,
July 5, 1848, typescript copy, MMNHP files. There is some con-
fusion in the dating of this letter because Abby went to Water-
ford with her mother. Mrs. Alcott returned from Waterford on
July 11 , 1848; Lothrop, p. 49.
26
Nathaniel Hawthorne
b. July 4, 1804
d. May 19, 1864
Publications during residency at the Wayside:
The Blithedale Romance published July 14, 1852
Campaign biography for Franklin Pierce, published September 11, 1852
Wonder Book for Girls and Boys published November 8, 1852
Tanglewood Tales published September 20, 1853
The Marble Faun published February 28, 1860
"Chiefly About War Matters," Atlantic Monthly (July, 1862)
Our Old Home: A Series of English Sketches published September 15,
25
1863
Works begun but never completed:
Septimus Felton
Dr. Grimshaw's Secret
The Dolliver Romance
Hawthorne's chief activity while at the Wayside was his writing. He
spent several hours of his day working in his study. According to
his son, Julian, "in the afternoon he was in the habit of strolling
about the grounds with his wife; and about sunset he generally as-
25. From a Hawthorne Chronology prepared by Robert Derry, MMNHP,
July, 1981.
27
cended the hill alone, and paced to and fro along its summit....
In the evenings he sat in the 1 ibrary--the room in the western
wing which had formerly been the study; and here he either read
26
to himself or aloud to the assembled family."
Hawthorne kept in close contact with his literary friends and
visited them in Boston more than they visited him at the Wayside.
Henry W. Longfellow, for example, never went to the Wayside until
Hawthorne's funeral. Hawthorne attended the monthly dinner of
the Saturday Club and took advantage of trips to Boston to visit
his publishers and personal friends, William D. Ticknor and James
T. Fields. Hawthorne's earnings as U.S. Consul gave him the fi-
nancial security to devote himself to writing full time.
From the surviving correspondence between Hawthorne and his pub-
lishers, Ticknor and Fields, one has the impression that while
Hawthorne cared about his own and his family's financial well-being,
he did not wish to be directly involved in his financial affairs.
The author allowed his publishers to handle all of his transac-
tions. Hawthorne drew cash from them against his royalties as
needed, and directed them to pay his bills. The inventory of Haw-
thorne's estate shows a financially secure individual. At the time
26. Julian Hawthorne, Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife (New York
Anchor Books, 1968, reptd. from 1884 ed.), I, 268.
28
of his death Hawthorne had assets estimated in excess of $26,000.
There is surviving correspondence in the Fields Collection at the
Boston Public Library between members of the Hawthorne family and
his publishers after his death indicating that a question arose
about the accuracy of the publisher's financial records. Whether
this was the sole reason for Mrs. Hawthorne's financial difficul-
27
ties after Hawthorne's death is unclear.
In addition to his lack of interest in directly overseeing his fi-
nancial affairs, Hawthorne was generous to his friends and often
lent them money. Correspondence between Hawthorne and William
Ticknor on May 26, 1861, and on April 20, 1862, indicates that
Hawthorne's friend and fellow Bowdoin College alumnus, Horatio
Bridge, had borrowed a substantial sum of money and was repaying
28
it. During his lifetime, Mrs. Hawthorne relied on her husband's
judgment in financial matters. It is quite possible that a full
27. See various typescript copies of correspondence between Haw-
thorne and his publishers in MMNHP files; cf. Caroline Ticknor,
Hawthorne and His Publisher (Boston: Houghton Mifflin and Co.,
1913); cf. Fields Collection, Boston Public Library: "Inventory
of the estate of Nathaniel Hawthorne," Middlesex County Register
of Probate #33844, typescript copy, MMNHP files.
28. Typescript copy, MMNHP files quoted from Letters of Hawthorne
to William D. Ticknor , 1851-1864, II, pp. 115-118, and from Ticknor,
pp. 257, 280.
29
picture of Hawthorne's financial situation was realized by no one,
including Hawthorne himself.
Hawthorne read widely. A catalog exists of his reading while liv-
ing in Salem. From this we may gather that his tastes extended
from British histories, such as Edward the Black Prince and A Sta -
tistical Account of Scotland , to periodicals, such as the American
Journal of Science , the Edinburgh Review , and the Gentleman's Maga -
zine . He kept copies of Ticknor and Fields' Atlantic in his library
29
and enjoyed reading The Waverly Novels aloud to his family.
While the family owned the Wayside for sixteen years, Hawthorne's
feelings toward the house were never ebullient. He described the
house to his friend Evert Duycknick, as "no very splendid mansion,
being originally a farm house of moderate size and ante-revolution-
ary date." Hawthorne was unimpressed by Alcott's improvements to
the structure. "Mr. Alcott, the Orphic Sayer, of whom I bought it,
had wasted a good deal of money in fitting it up to suit his own
30 '
taste...." After his death, Sophia revealed that Hawthorne never
cared for the house or for Concord. In a letter to Annie Fields,
29. Marion L. Kesselring has published the Salem Athenaeum's rec-
ords of Hawthorne's Reading, in Hawthorne's Reading, 1828-50 (New
York: New York Public Library, 1949) .
30. Randall Stewart, Nathaniel Ha wthorne: A Biography (New Haven
Yale University Press, 1948), p. 123.
30
Mrs. Hawthorne confided that she wished to hold onto the Wayside,
"but then comes the memory of his distaste, not only of Concord,
but of this side of the water and of my resolve that when he went
on his last journey, that, before his return, I would find a house
for us somewhere by his beloved sea, and that he should NEVER come
31
back here to live, no, never."
Throughout their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Hawthorne were very close.
She was his best friend and wholehearted supporter of his work.
His letters to his wife and to his friends reveal his deep affec-
tion for her. During their courtship and various separations,
32
Hawthorne referred to his wife as "my Dove" and "My Ownest." In
a letter to William Ticknor, thanking him for a gift of cider,
Hawthorne comments that "We [he and Sophia] sit down quietly to-
gether, when everybody is gone to bed, and make ourselves jolly
33
with a bottle of it." Hawthorne found separations from his fam-
31. Sophia Hawthorne to Annie Fields, May 10, 1868, MS C.l.ll
(131), Boston Public Library.
32. See, for example, letters from Nathaniel Hawthorne to Sophia
Peabody reprinted in Malcolm Cowley, ed., The Portable Hawthorne
(New York: Viking, 1948), pp. 613-618. Cowley notes that Sophia
delicately inked out many intimacies in the correspondence, but
Randall Stewart, using the miracles of modern paper conservation
techniques, restored the elided passages.
33. Hawthorne to Ticknor, February 22, 1863, typescript copy,
IP files.
31
ily unendurable. While on a vacation to Pride's Crossinq with
Julian, he wrote to his daughter, Rose (whom he called "Bab"):
"Dear Bab, I am very homesick, and have come to the conclusion that
when a person has a comfortable home of his own, and a good little
Bab of his own, and a good great Onion [his name for Una], and a
best mama, he had better stay with them than roam abroad. Thank
34
Heaven we shall return on Saturday."
Despite the family's obvious pleasure in one another's company,
their years at the Wayside were not entirely joyful. Before his
death, Hawthorne suffered two great losses there. His sister,
35
Louisa, was killed on her way to visit the Hawthornes. Haw-
thorne's friend and publisher, William D. Ticknor, died suddenly
while the two were on a journey to restore Hawthorne's health.
Hawthorne, who interpreted events as signs, saw the losses as par-
ticularly significant portents of his own inexorable death. Even
the most common occurrences in his life were meaningful to Haw-
thorne. When his maid found a snake in the Wayside's attic, Haw-
36
thorne wrote that "It seemed a fiend, haunting the house."
34. Nathaniel Hawthorne to Rose Hawthorne, Aunust 5, 1861, as
quoted in Lothrop, pp. 121-122.
35. Sophia Hawthorne to her mother, as quoted in Julian Hawthorne,
Hawthorne and His Wife , I, p. 454.
36. MML notes, Yale VIII, NH manuscript, June 9, 1853, typescript
copy, MMNHP files.
32
Hawthorne returned from his consulship in Enqland and his travels
in Europe terminally ill. He was justifiably suspicious of mid-
nineteenth-century medicine and refused to consult a physician.
His life at the Wayside between 1860 and his death in 1864 were
marked by ever lengthening periods of debilitating illness. He
was unable to concentrate on his writing and although he began
several works during this period, he completed none, with the ex-
ception of his Atlantic article. His wife sent him on several
vacations for recuperative purposes, but they obviously did no
good. He died in his sleep on May 19, 1864, during such a journey
37
with his friend, Franklin Pierce.
Sophia Peabody Hawthorne
b. September 21 , 1809
d. February 26, 1871
Sophia Hawthorne's chief activity, while at the Wayside, was car-
ing for her family. A well-read, socially-conscious and artisti-
cally-talented woman, she subordinated her own interests to those
of her husband and family. As stated above, they were a devoted
37. Hawthorne's last illness is documented in nearly every Haw-
thorne biography and memoir. The exact cause of his death is
unknown although several biographers, including Stewart and Arlin
Turner, speculate that evidence strongly points to stomach cancer.
Turner also mentions the possibility that, knowinq his death was
imminent, Hawthorne deliberately left his home to protect his fam-
ily from his final suffering. See Arlin Turner, Nathaniel Hawthorne
(1979).
33
couple, happiest when sharing their thoughts or taking walks around
the Wayside property together. SoDhia is often described as an inva-
lid by various biographers and even by her sister, Mary Peabody Mann,
in a letter to her husband, Horace. 38 While it seems to be true
that she suffered chronic migraine headaches throughout much of her
young adulthood and early marriage, her correspondence during her
years at the Wayside does not contain excessive physical complaints.
Particularly during Hawthorne's final, long illness, Sophia seems to
have ignored her own health while trying to improve his. 39
Mrs. Hawthorne enjoyed drawing and painting. As a girl, she
studied with Washington Allston "and others eminent in sculpture
and paintinq."40 Many of Mrs. Hawthorne's letters are illustrat-
ed with her quick sketches. Her sister describes her as always im-
pelled to draw and paint when she could anything of the kind. She has
38. Mary P. Mann to Horace Mann, August 21, 1850, Horace Mann Col-
lection, Massachusetts Historical Society.
39. None of Sophia Hawthorne's letters that I examined in the Boston
Public Library (many of which were written after her husband's death)
nor references in the HGR or HDS, dwell on her chronic illness. Her
final illness in London is minutely documented by Una in a letter to
her brother, reprinted in Julian Hawthorne, Nathaniel Hawthorne and
His Wife .
40. Edith Garrigues Hawthorne, ed., The Memoirs of Julian Haw -
thorne (New York: MacMillan, 1938), p. 47.
34
written a good deal of poetry, particularly Scotch poetry for which
41
she has quite a gift."
Mrs. Hawthorne was devoted to her children. "While Rose drew, I
read aloud to her the "Miraculous Pitcher,"" she wrote to her hus-
band. In the same letter she instructed Mr. Hawthorne and Julian,
who were vacationing by the sea, to be careful not to take a chill
42
while bathing. Following her husband's death, her letters to her
friend, Annie Fields, record the qreat pleasure and sustenance her
children's companionship gave her during her widowhood.
Every Wednesday, Mrs. Hawthorne was "at home" to callers at the
Wayside. She recounts a visit from Mrs. Emerson, Mrs. Brown, and
Elizabeth (her sister, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody) in a letter to Mr.
43
Hawthorne.
The years followina her husband's death were not happy ones for
Sophia. Her finances dwindled and her headaches returned. She
agonized at the thought of closing the Wayside and moving to Ger-
many, her son Julian's suggestion. When her friend Annie Fields
quit answering her letters, Sophia felt alone and rejected. She
41. Mary P. Mann to Horace Manr,, August 21, 1850.
42. Sophia Hawthorne to Nathaniel Hawthorne, July 30, 1861, type-
script copy, MMNHP files.
43. Ibid.
35
edited her husband's papers for publication in an effort to secure
income. Eventually, Sophia resolved her conflicting emotions about
the Wayside. She and her children left for Dresden, Saxony, in
October, 1868. She never returned to America and died in England
44
three years later.
Una Hawthorne
b. March 3, 1844
d. September 10, 1877
Una, the oldest of the Hawthorne children, was eight years old when
the family moved to the Wayside. Her parents named her for the nymph
in Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene . Una chronicles her own activ-
ities at the Wayside in a letter to her aunt, Elizabeth Hawthorne,
on June 29, 1863. She writes that her friend, Alice Jackson, came
to practice [piano?] with her, then, "took a little drive." Visit-
ing neighbors for tea anc croquet; sewing at vestry; boating; par-
ties, and picnics consumed her week. While Una was in Italy in
1858, she contracted a near-fatal illness. Although this illness,
Roman malaria, returned in the summer of 1860, Una recovered and
45
resumed her activities.
44. For a brief account of Sophia Hawthorne's feelings following
her husband's death, see HGR, pp. 62-68. Most of her letters con-
cerning her financial condition and her relationship with Annie
Fields are in the Fields Collection, Boston Public Library.
45. Una Hawthorne to Elizabeth Hawthorne, June 29, 1863, type-
script copy, MMNHP files; Lothrop, p. 108.
36
Una often helped her mother around the house. As her aunt, Mary
Mann wrote to her husband, Horace, "Mother says in a letter today
that Una is very domestic, and really does a great deal to help
46
in the family affairs." Una's friend, Annie Bartlett, recorded:
"Yesterday went to Unas. She was cleaning her room and I made my-
self useful by helping her bring the furniture and fixtures back."
At her mother's wishes, Una and Rose did not attend Sanborn's co-ed
school. Mrs. Hawthorne taught the girls herself and Una had a tu-
tor, George Bradford. Miss Lothrop quotes a letter from Una to her
aunt in which the girl describes studying Latin, Italian, arithme-
47
tic, and botany. Una enjoyed socializing with the boys from San-
born school whom she met, presumably, through her brother.
In June, 1862, the Hawthornes gave a party for Una at the Wayside.
Mrs. Hawthorne describes the event in a letter to Annie Fields.
They decorated the house with roses and removed the furniture from
48
several downstairs rooms so that the guests could dance.
After her father's death, Una "undertook to help the family finances"
49
by teaching gymnastics. Julian Hawthorne's biographer, Maurice
46. Mary P. Mann to Horace Mann, August 21, 1850,
47. Lothrop, pp. 111-112.
48. Ibid., pp. 115-116.
49. Ibid., p. 144.
37
Bassan, notes that in 1868 Una broke off a romance with Storrow
Higginson because he was beneath her station. She took the inci-
50
dent very badly. Una never married. She stayed with her mother
in Europe after her sister and brother returned to America and she
died in England.
Julian Hawthorne
b. June 22, 1846
d. July 14, 1934
Hawthorne's only son, Julian, was six when the family moved to the
Wayside. In a letter to his aunt, Maria Louisa Hawthorne, the
small boy wrote that "Pappa, mamma and I went to Concord on Monday
51
to see the house in a sleigh. I liked one room s/ery much." Most
of Julian's memories of Concord center on the vigorous social life
that he enjoyed there and on outdoor activities. Very few of his
recollections involve activities performed in the Wayside. From
Julian's memoirs, a portrait of an active young man emerges.
Julian was \/ery close to his father. By his own admission, Nathaniel
Hawthorne had a profound effect on him. Julian devoted much of his
adult life to writing; and while his works were well -received by his
contemporaries, today they are obscured by his father's works. As a
50. Maurice Bassan, Hawthorne's Son (Columbus: Ohio State Univer-
sity Press, 1970) , p. 45.
51. Ibid. , p. 13.
38
small boy, Julian stayed at home and was tutored by his parents.
His father taught him Latin and Greek. His mother tauqht him to
draw. While in Europe, Julian became interested in the art of il-
lumination. He continued this interest at Concord. Sophia men-
tions several of Julian's illumination projects in her letters to
Annie Fields. After returning from Europe in 1860, Julian attended
the Sanborn school in Concord, founded by abolitionist John Brown's
partner, Frank Sanborn. His friends from the school were Sam Hoar,
Wilkie and Bob James, Ned Bartlett, and Frank Stearns. Julian also
visited the Alcott girls frequently. Most biographers infer that
52
he had an unrequited crush on May (Abba May) Alcott.
In his memoirs, Julian describes himself (during his adolescent years
53
at the Wayside) as, "bashful as an oyster, and shut in my shell."
In fact, he socialized with others frequently. Julian enjoyed hiking,
skating, attending masquerade balls, and playinq croquet, and swim-
ming with his friends.
Before his father's death, Julian moved to Cambridge to attend Harvard
He returned to the Wayside for visits frequently. After Hawthorne
52. Information about Julian Hawthorne's interests is taken from
Bassan; Edith Garrigues Hawthorne, ed.; Julian Hawthorne, Hawthorne
and His Wife ; Lothrop; Stewart; Saxton; and HDS.
53. Edith Garrigues Hawthorne, ed., p. 81
39
died, Julian was expelled from Harvard in 1866 for too many absences.
He returned to the Wayside during the winter of 1866-67. In 1867,
Julian returned to Cambridge to study civil engineering. In 1868, he
moved with his family to Dresden. Part of the trip's purpose was to
give him the opportunity to study at an engineering school at Heidel-
54
berg.
He returned to America and married Mary Albertina Amelung in New York
on November 15, 1870. In 1881-82, Julian's wife and their six chil-
dren occupied the Wayside. He joined his family there in the spring
of 1882. At the time, the Wayside was owned by his sister, Rose Haw-
55
thorne Lathrop.
Rose Hawthorne Lathrop
b. May 20, 1851
d. July 9, 1926
Rose Hawthorne was barely a year old when her family moved to the Way-
side in 1852. In a letter to her mother, Sophia Hawthorne describes
her "Rosebud," as the family called their baby:
I wish I could show you my Rosebud: She is
wholly different from Una & Julian, very fa-
cetious, self relying, practical, observant
of facts, and inconceivably naughty, and wery
54. Bassan, pp. 42-45.
55. Lothrop, pp. 190, 194
40
bewitching, on her cheeks bloom the roses of
Sharon, adown her neck float golden sunbeams,
her eyes are blue, sagacious, with very long
lashes, and a charming double row of snowy
teeth shine when she laughs, her figure is
round and rolling, but symmetrical, her face
is too perfect a circle and she jumps straight
up and down on two of the straightest, finest
little legs ever seen, out of pure joy of ex-
istence, she sings like Jenny Lind, and judges
us all like a Lord Chancel lor. .. .She fails in
reverence, and excels in wit, and so far is
wholly irresponsible in her actions.... I never
saw such a child in my life!
When the family returned from England, Rose attended the East Quar-
ter Public School in Concord. For a time, after her father's death,
57
she attended a boarding school in Lexington. Her mother's letters
to Annie Fields record Rose's interest in arts and crafts. With her
sister, Una, she painted decorations on household items to sell at a
58
local charity fair.
On September 11, 1871, Rose married George Parsons Lathrop. They
had one son, Francis, who died of diptheria when he was five years
old. The Lathrops had bought the Wayside and were living there dur-
ing the summers at the time of Francis' death. They did not wish to
56. Stewart, p. 125.
57. Lothrop, pp. 112, 114
58. Sophia Hawthorne to Annie Fields, Fields Collection, Boston Pub'
lie Library as cited by Lothrop, p. 144.
41
return to the Wayside after that tragic event. Julian Hawthorne's
family occupied the house before it was sold to the Lothrops. 59
LOTHROP FAMILY
Residence at the Wayside: May, 1883-June 22, 1965
Daniel Lothrop
b. Auqust 11, 1831
d. March 18, 1892
Daniel Lothrop' s presence at the Wayside is not well documented. We
know that the Lothrops usually arrived for each summer in May and
stayed until November. Winters were spent in Boston where Mr. Lothrop
operated a publishing business, D. Lothrop & Company. During the
summers at the Wayside, Lothrop commuted by train to Boston. Each
evening, Mrs. Lothrop and their daughter, Margaret, met Lothrop at the
train in Concord in a carriage driven by their coachman. 60
Mr. Lothrop and his wife had two common interests, children's lit-
erature and benevolent societies. After a varied career that in-
59. Lothrop, pp. 147-149.
60. Ibid., p. 163; James G. Clark, "The Wayside," Saturday Evening
Spectator (Minneapolis), September 11, 1886, p. 1 as cited by HGR,
p. 77. Toogood also reports that MML, in an interview with Robert D
Ronsheim on April 25, 1966, recalled that the coachman performed the
duties of gardener and groundskeeper as well. The Lothrops employed
two other servants, a maid and a cook.
42
eluded owning and managing drugstores and bookstores in New England
and the Midwest, Lothrop founded his publishing company in Boston
61
in 1868. He dedicated his business to publishing children's lit-
erature. His firm was one of the earliest to do so. Lothrop met
his wife through his publications and his interest in securing the
work of new authors.
Lothrop was so dedicated to his juvenrle literary ventures that he
published one magazine, Wide Awake , at a $10,000 deficit because
he felt that his young readers benefitted from it. His other regu-
lar publications included Little Men and Women , Our Pansy , and
Baby! and . In addition to knowing most contemporary authors of
children's literature, Lothrop also knew many fine illustrators
whose works he purchased. Kate Greenaway and Chi 1 de Hassim number
among MMNHP's unusually fine collection of illustrations which
62
Lothrop commissioned for his publications. In 1874, and again
in 1887, while he owned the Wayside, Lothrop expanded his business.
We can conclude that the family was financially secure at that time,
In addition to his publishing business, Lothrop was civically ac-
tive. In 1880, he founded the American Institute of Civics, an
61 . Dictionary of American Biography , "Daniel Lothrop" entry.
62. Lothrop, pp. 153-154. What little we know about Daniel Loth'
rop is available through this account.
43
organization dedicated to the spread of knowledge of politics and in-
terest in government. He was also a member of the Bostonian Society,
a historical organization of the City of Boston. 63
Lothrop died in 1892. For two years following his death, his wife
managed the publishing business but finally sold here interest in it.
Postcard messages from Lothrop to his wife written during a business
trip to Chicago and New York indicate that his health might have been
a problem as early as 1890. In the messages, Lothrop assures his wife
that he is "feeling unusually well," "in good health and spirits," and
stresses his "good health and courage." He affectionately adds hugs
in the form of "oooo" for Margaret. 65
Harriett Mulford Stone Lothrop
b. June 22, 1844
d. August 2, 1924
There is a real need for a biography of Harriet Lothrop. Her work
in literary, preservation, and benevolent circles is noteworthy.
63. Dictionary of American Biography . Lothrop 's framed certifi-
cate of membership in the Bostonian Society is still at the Wayside,
Contact with the Society did not reveal any of Lothrop' s papers.
64. Daniel Lothrop to Harriet M. Lothrop, July 8, 1890; July 7,
1890; August 21, 1890, MS Am 1491 (79), Boston Public Library.
65. The Concord Enterprise , March 25, 1892, from Orville Carroll's
research notes., Concord Public Library and MMNHP files.
44
Most interesting is the fact that her biography really begins when
she and her husband purchased the Wayside. At that point, her
life took shape and her public involvement became total. Mrs.
Lothrop's nephew, Roy Griffin, has stated that she was a "born
actress. She loved to entertain and to play the role [of a gra-
cious hostess] . "
On an intimate scale, Mrs. Lothrop had dinner guests almost night-
ly at the Wayside. Her daughter remembers "qood conversation and
66
music" in their household. Harriett Lothrop also entertained on
a grand scale, staging pageants at the Wayside and at other Concord
historic houses. These events are described in Appendix B. They
are important records of taste and style in Victorian entertainment
and historic preservation.
Like residents before her, Mrs. Lothrop spent a lot of time writing
at the Wayside. Her daughter recalls that Margaret Sidney (her pen
name) usually wrote during the day and relaxed in the evenings. Be-
sides her "Five Little Pepper" stories for which she is famous, Sid-
ney also wrote historical fictions about the Concord area.
Small gatherings of various clubs met regularly at the Wayside. The
East Quarter Reading Circle, benevolent society meetings, and his-
66. Impromptu interview with Roy Griffin, conducted by Doris D.
Fanelli, the Wayside, Concord, July 27, 1981.
45
toric preservation meetings took place there during Harriett Loth-
67
rop's occupancy.
Mrs. Lothrop also devoted her time to charitable organizations
while she resided in the Wayside. She was an elected director of
the Women's Board of Missions, and Vice President of the Benevo-
68
lent Society connected with the New England Conservatory of Music.
Mrs. Lothrop was very involved in patriotic organizations and his-
toric preservation, issues that were linked in her mind. She was a
regent in the Daughters of the American Revolution (until 1896) and
founder of the Old Concord Chapter of that organization. In 1895,
69
she founded the Children of the American Revolution. In addition
to her own home which she saw as a shrine to Hawthorne, Mrs. Lothrop
was active in the preservation of two neighboring homes, the Ephraim
Wales Bull house (1899), "Grapevine Cottage," and the Alcott resi-
dence (1902), "Orchard House." In 1904, she organized a three-day
commemorative celebration of Hawthorne's 100th birthday, the Haw-
70
thorne Centinary.
67. Lothrop, p. 163
68. The Concord Enterprise , January 17, 1890, January 15, 1893, as
cited in MMNHP files.
69. The Concord Enterprise , September 17, 1896; Lothrop, p. 183.
70. The Concord Enterprise , October 28, 1899; April 12, 1900; Loth-
rop, p. 183; The Concord Enterprise , June 29, July 6, July 13, 1904
46
Mrs. Lothrop's other principal interest was her daughter, Margaret.
Margaret was named for Mrs. Lothrop's pen name, Margaret Sidney.
As Margaret grew up, her mother took her on many trips abroad and
71
included her in her historic and preservation activities.
After 1900, the Lothrop family's visits to the Wayside became less
regular. Mrs. Lothrop and her daughter lived at the Wayside during
the winter of 1899-1900. The summer of 1900, following Margaret's
graduation from Concord High School, they went to Europe. They
stayed at the Wayside during the winter of 1900-1901 and returned
to Europe in the spring. In the fall of 1901, Margaret entered col-
lege and Mrs. Lothrop lived at the Wayside. After graduation from
college, Margaret moved to California where she attended graduate
school and taught at Stanford. Her mother visited her during the
winters. Mrs. Lothrop also traveled abroad a great deal after Mar-
garet moved to California. Her tours included Egypt, Palestine,
England, Norway, and the Continent. She also visited her friends
throughout the country and, because of her DAR and CAR involvement,
made frequent trips to Washington. Mrs. Lothrop died in California
72
in 1924.
71. Margaret and her mother toured Europe, see The Concord Enter-
prise , June 14, 21, August 2, September, 1900, as quoted in MMNHP
files.
72. Information about the Lothrop travels is available in the Loth-
rop Papers stored at MMNHP; from notices in the local newspaper, The
Concord Enterprise , compiled by Orville W. Carroll; and in HGR and
HDS. The summary presented here is taken chiefly from HGR, p. 82.
47
Margaret Mulford Lothrop
b. July 27, 1884
d. May 14, 1970
Margaret Lothrop was born at the Wayside and that building was, in
many ways, the single focus of her life. Her happiest childhood years
were spent in the house. She was deeply devoted to her parents and
the Wayside became to Miss Lothrop the tangible symbol of their liter-
ary and social ideals. She spent most of her life researching the
structure and its occupants and arranging for the Wayside's continu-
ance as a literary shrine.
In 1965, when MMNHP formally acquired the Wayside, Miss Lothrop' s
longevity and her propensity for historical research made her a living
link between Park Service historians and the past. As a child she had
known Emerson's daughter, Ellen, Hawthorne's children, Julian and
Rose, and his sister-in-law, Elizabeth Peabody (see Illustration 1).
Through her parents' literary interests, Margaret also knew John
Greenleaf Whittier and Oliver Wendall Holmes. Her mother's DAR and
CAR interests made the Lothrops frequent guests in Washington and Miss
Lothrop remembered visiting President Benjamin Harrison in the White
House. In addition to her remembrances of her own exciting life,
Margaret Lothrop painstakingly saved documents relating to the Wayside
and devoted long years to primary research about the house's former
inhabitants. 7 3
73. Lothrop, pp. 153-187; HDS, pp. 33-37
48
Clearly the thrusts of historiography have chanqed since Margaret
Lothrop, trained as a sociologist, began her research. The single
largest gap in the Lothrop manuscripts at MMNHP are the personal
records of herself and her parents. Virtually none of her father's
personal papers are in public repositories. Only papers relating
to her mother's public life were presented to MMNHP. If the rec-
ords of her parents are sparse, the personal records of Margaret
Lothrop are even thinner. Miss Lothrop saw her public role as
distinct from her private self. Believing that she was a keeper
of the past, and seeing her role in that past as insignificant,
74
she left no records about herself. What we know about Miss Loth-
rop and her years at the Wayside we know from public newspaper an-
nouncements, and from a few personal remarks that she made during
interviews with Park Service personnel, and from the jacket blurb
on the only book she published about, typically, the Wayside:
Margaret M. Lothrop was born at The Wayside ,
July 27, 1884. In her early years she trav-
eled widely in the United States, Europe,
and the Middle East.
She was graduated from Concord High School,
then from Washington, D.C.'s Sidwell Friends'
School, and from Smith College in 1905. She
earned her Master's Degree from Stanford Uni-
versity in 1914 where she later taught Soci-
ology and Penology.
74. Roy Griffin, in an interview July 27, 1981 with Doris Fanelli
disclosed that he does have some of Miss Lothrop' s diaries. These
he feels are "personal things" that shed no light on the house.
49
During World War I she served with the Stan-
ford Unit of the Red Cross in France. There
she saw artillery and planes in action and
contracted a near fatal pneumonia while tak-
ing dictation from wounded soldiers.
After the War she returned to teaching at
Stanford until she accepted a job in San
Francisco as Assistant Director of the Soci-
ety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Chil-
dren.
Her life was filled with many interests and
many famous people apart from the world of
literature and of Concord. Exacting in her
dedication to truth and keenly interested
in scientific research, she was a thoughtful
and generous friend to fellow men of all
ages. /b
Miss Lothrop developed her personal interests, such as sociology,
outside of the context of the Wayside. Within the Wayside, she
played a recessive role to her mother's dominance. Mrs. Lothrop
was a very independent person whose ma tri local view is betrayed
in her explanation of the characterizations of the Five Little
Peppers:
My judgement told me that I must eliminate
Mr. Pepper, because the whole motif "to
help Mother" would be lost if father lived.
It hurt me dreadfully. He was a most estima-
ble man, and I loved my own father so much,
it seemed the most wicked thing to do. I
went around for days feeling droopy fi and
guilty. But it had to be done....
75. Lothrop, jacket
76. Ibid., p. 172.
50
Harriett Lothrop's first book, The Five Little Peppers and How They
Grew (1880) was dedicated to her mother. Two letters in the MMNHP
files from Mrs. Lothrop to her daughter refer to an "allowance"
that her mother regularly sent her. Her mother signed the letters
"Mamsie," the name of the mother in the Five Little Peppers . The
letters were written in 1917 when Margaret was thirty-three years
old. Mrs. Lothrop dedicated The Five Little Peppers and Their
Friends "To my daughter Margaret, who to her friends embodies 'Polly
Pepper' in her girlhood." Margaret was twenty years old at the
77
time.
As CAR member Number One, Margaret was included in all of that soci-
ety's activities at the Wayside. In fact, photographs and press
clippings in the MMNHP files inform us that "Miss Margaret" as she
was called by the members, remained active in the organization until
78
her death.
The papers that Margaret Lothrop chose to give to MMNHP describe her
associations with the CAR, the DAR, and the Wayside. In her book,
The Wayside, Miss Lothrop discusses her family's ownership of the
77. "Harriett Lothrop Chronology," compiled by Robert Derry, Con-
cord Public Library; Harriett M. Lothrop to Margaret M. Lothrop,
MMNHP files; Derry, "Harriett Lothrop Chronology."
78. HGR, p. 82.
51
Wayside as a backdrop for her mother's literary and preservation
achievements. Her father, who died in 1892, receives less men-
tion. Margaret portrayed herself as the center of only those
incidents which occurred when she was a young girl. In other
incidents, she lingers in the background, giving her mother cen-
ter stage, and playing her mother's favorite theme, "To help
mother." This is the way in which Margaret Lothrop chose to be
remembered.
52
Room -By- Room Use and Activities
This section presents an account of the room use at the Wayside and of
the activities of the residents in each room. The Wayside has had
many structural alterations and additions during its various
occupancies. Some of the activities of previous residents occurred in
rooms that no longer exist in the present house plan. The
nomenclature of existing rooms and the use of those rooms has also
changed. To eliminate confusion, the rooms in this section are
grouped according to the Lothrop family's names for them. All known
activities are uses by earlier occupants are listed in each section.
All references to floor plans are to those at the end of this
report.
BAY WINDOW ROOM
Original Use : Entry hall, original portion of the house.
Alcott Use : The Alcotts continued to use this area as their
entry hall. In 1847, Mr. Alcott bui~!t a bay out of the front wall and
placed a door in the bay. There is a tradition that the Alcott girls
played "Pilgrim's Progress" (a game invented after John Bunyon's
allegory) on the stairs. 79
79. HDS, p. 75; Lothrop, p. 51; Oliver Bronson Capen, "Country
Homes of Famous Americans," Country Life in America (July, 1904),
p. 282.
53
Hawthorne Use : The Hawthornes removed the door in the bay and
made it a window. Mrs. Hawthorne referred to this room as her cha-
80
pel. She is believed to have tauqht Sunday school here.
Lothrop Use : The Lothrops used this room as a playroom for
Margaret. When the telephone was installed in this room, around
1891, the family beqan to refer to it as the "Telephone Room." It
is also called "The Oratory" in the 1915 inventory (see Appendix C)
because a book about the house referred to Mrs. Hawthorne's chapel
81
as "the Oratory."
DINING ROOM
Original Use : This room could have been used as a kitchen, a
82
bedroom, or as a hall/parlor during the colonial period.
Alcott Use : A reference by Mr. Alcott to work done in the
parlor, identifies it as this room. The family received guests and
83
relaxed here.
80. HDS, p. 75
81. HDS, p. 97; Interview, MML and Orville W. Carroll, Auqust 2,
1966.
82. For a discussion of early colonial architecture and room use
in New England, see Fiske Kimball, Domestic Architecture of the
American Colonies and of the Early Republic (New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons, 1922) . Kimball 's figure 15A (p. 33, Dover ed.,
1966) shows an early floor plan of a Connecticut house which is
the same plan as the original portion of the Wayside.
83. In his journal, October 22, 1846, ABA notes that he closed
the bulkhead under the east window of the parlor, HDS, p. 64.
54
ABA Journal: "January Day's Order, 1846, reading writing and
study in Parlor."
ABA Diary, 1848, notes that his daughters are very busy with their
84
private affairs in the parlor.
Hawthorne Use : This room was probably the drawing room in 1852
In his sketch "The Wayside" in Tanglewood Tales , Hawthorne writes:
"So we descended the hill to my small, old cottage, and shut our-
selves up in the southeastern room, where the sunshine comes in,
85
warmly and brightly, through the better half of a winter's day."
Quite possibly, Hawthorne had this parlor, the southeastern room,
in mind. After the new drawing room was added in 1860, this room
became Julian's bedroom. Activities in this room when it was the
drawing room included receptions and family entertainments. Mrs.
Hawthorne mentions usina Julian's bedroom, sans furnishings, for
86
Una's party in 1862.
84. Typescript copy, MMNHP files.
85. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Tanglewood Tales (Boston: Houghton Mif-
flin, 1900), p. 239.
86. HDS, p. 76; In a letter to Annie Fields describing Una's
party in 1862, Sophia Hawthorne wrote, "We took every rag of fur-
niture out of the dining room and Julian's room on each side of
the chapel...," as quoted in Lothrop, p. 115. This statement
locates Julian's bedroom as the southeast room.
55
Lothrop Use : The Lothrops used this room as a dining room. "Daniel
Lothrop sat at the south end of the table," recalled Margaret Loth-
rop. "After Daniel Lothrop's death, Harriett Lothrop sat there."
After 1900, Mrs. Lothrop put up a sign in this room indicating that
it was the Hawthorne's dining room. She was mistaken. (See below
87
for location of Hawthorne dining room.) Margaret Lothrop remem-
bered, "A cousin, slightly older than I, was visiting us when I was
four years old. She clearly remembers that guests were almost al-
88
ways present at our dinner table."
The Lothrops were served dinner by a maid who was summoned by a bell
89
installed under the dining table after electricity was installed.
KITCHEN
Alcott Use : The Alcotts added this addition to the house in
1845. The Northern room was used as a Bathing Room. The Southern
Room was used as a woodshed in 1845; by 1852, it was a pantry and
wash room. In a letter to her brother, Mrs. Alcott says, "We moved
up the best half of the shop--and made a bath house and wood house
87. MML interview, May 2, 1967, MMNHP note cards, Park files.
88. Interview with MML, Winter 1965-66, typescript copy, p. 4,
MMNHP files; Lothrop. p. 163.
89. See "The Wayside Guide," written by MML for use by guides in
the house, copy, MMNHP files.
56
out of it... had a bathing tub and shower bath fixed with weights
and pullies so that even Elizabeth can give herself a bath without
90
help."
Hawthorne Use : This room had been partitioned into two rooms
by Alcott during his occupancy. The Hawthornes used the northern
room as a Bathing Room; and the southern room as a Pantry and Wash
Room. Mrs. Hawthorne referred to the north room as a "treasure of
a bathing room.... The room is of very convenient size, & we shall
have no burnt elbows and sides there as at Newton." The southern
91
room was "an excellent pantry and wash room."
Wayside School Use : Ronsheim speculates that the Wayside School for
Girls might have used this room as a kitchen "because the previous
92
kitchen became a dining room."
90. HDS, p. 104; Abigail Alcott to Samuel J. May, June 8, 1845, MML
notes, Alcott Papers, Family Letters, 1828-61, MMNHP, source has been
checked. It should be noted that Victorians distinguished between a
bathing room, where one practiced personal hygiene and a water closet,
where one eliminated bodily wastes. For a discussion of these room
uses and their changes over time, see Daniel J. Boorstin, The Ameri -
cans , III, The Democratic Experience (New York: Vintage Books, 1974),
pp. 350-354. By all accounts, the bathing room at the Wayside did not
include a water closet.
91. Sophia Hawthorne to her mother, June 13, 1852 as guoted in HDS,
p. 70. A photocopy and a typescript copy of this letter are in the
MMNHP files; the original is in the Berg Collection, New York Public
Library.
92. HDS.
57
93
Lothrop Use : Food storage and preparation, laundry.
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR OR LIBRARY OR DRAWING ROOM
Hawthorne Use : Hawthorne added this room in 1860. The room was
94
used as a parlor or drawing room for receiving visitors.
Lothrop Use : Used as a library during the early years of their
occupancy, Mrs. Lothrop planned to convert this room into a memorial
95
to Mr. Lothrop after his death. The Lothrops interchangeably called
this room the Library, the Drawing Room, or Mrs. Hawthorne's Parlor.
Mrs. Lothrop received her guests in the bay window of "Mrs. Hawthorne's
Parlor or the Library as HML called the room after the bookcases were
installed. .. .In the summer time or whenever receptions were held, the
96
doors were temporarily removed."
OLD ROOM
Original Use : Probably as a lean-to kitchen; possibly as an ad-
ditional sleeping room.
93. See ADS, interview of MML by Orville W. Carroll, MMNHP files.
Cf. HDS, pp. 104-105.
94. HDS, pp. 72-74.
95. ALS Harriett Lothrop, #8940102, MMNHP files; MML in interview
April 24, 1967, typescript, MMNHP files.
96. MMNHP files quoting MML's notes, "Sitting Room," January 29,
1958 in envelope same, box, "Details About Rooms."
58
Alcott Use : The Alcotts used this room as a kitchen. Eliza-
beth records sweeping the kitchen in her journal and playing in this
97
room with her sister, Abba.
Hawthorne Use : The Hawthornes used this room as their kitchen.
A letter from Mrs. Hawthorne to her mother, June 13, 1852, describes
the kitchen as "perfectly sumptuous." Sophia even includes a floor
plan of the room in the letter. In addition to the usual food prep-
98
aration, the Hawthornes stored their outdoor clothes in the kitchen.
Lothrop Use : This room is designated the "Music Room" in the
1915 inventory; it is called the "Old Room" in the 1914 inventory.
Miss Lothrop recalled singing around the piano in this room and toast-
ing marshmallows in the fireplace. She also recalled popcorn parties
99
in this room during her high school years.
97. See reference in a letter from Mrs. Alcott to Samuel J. May,
June 8, 1845, typescript, MMNHP files, Elizabeth Alcott Journal,
May, June 5, 1846, MMNHP files as copied from Family Correspondence,
I , MML's notes.
98. Sophia Hawthorne to her mother, June 13, 1852, typescript,
MMNHP files.
99. Orville W. Carroll interview with MML, August 8, 1966, type-
script, MMNHP files; May 1, 1967 interview, typescript, MMNHP files.
59
LOWER FRONT HALL OR MAIN HALLWAY
Alcott Use : The southern part of this space was used as a
hall with stairs; the northern part was a portion of Louisa's bed-
room. 100
Hawthorne Use : In 1860, the south door became the front en-
trance to the house; the doorway was cut into the east wall to give
access to the tower addition; the door in the north wall was proba-
bly closed. The Hawthornes used the hall as an entry and reception
area for visitors; as a passageway between the downstairs rooms and
for stairway access to the second floor rooms.
Lothrop Use : Same as the Hawthornes ' .101
PIAZZA ROOM
Alcott Use : Bronson Alcott built this addition to his house
Originally, he divided it into two northern rooms and one southern
room. The southern room was Alcott' s study.
"Jan day's order, 7-9 Reading, writing and study in Study."
"May 3, read to Abba in the study; this after reading at breakfast
table parable of the Vineyard, Mary's annointing Jesus' head; Judas'
100. HDS, pp. 91-92.
101. Interview with MML, June 28, 1966, pp. 9-14. On the Hawthornes
structural changes, see ADS.
(HI
betrayal; Peter's denial. Abba very much delighted & so ABA and Abba
to study."
"Feb 3, 1848, Put my Books & pictures in order in the Study. The
paperer, painter & carpenter having done their work within and
without."
In 1858, the Alcotts occupied the Wayside temporarily while their
new home next door was in preparation. They occupied only the west-
ern wing; the Peabodys occupied the remainder of the house.
"April 1, 1858, 'comfortably placed' at Hillside. Have Hawthorne's
study and two adjacent rooms for sleeping apartments. Meals prepared
and taken at Orchard House."
"Sunday, 4, April, Find few of H's books suit me, but room is at-
tractive. "102
The two northern rooms were used as bedrooms for the Alcott girls.
Louisa wrote in March, 1846, "I have at last got the little room I
have wanted so long, and am very happy about it.... The door that opens
into the garden will be s/ery pretty in summer, and I can run off to
the woods when I like." This would be the northeast room because of
the door to the gardens in the room.
102. All of above quotations from ABA Journal, typescript, MMNHP
f i les.
61
Elizabeth records, "Sunday, April 19, 1846, Cleared out my trunk
and sewed a little in Louisa's room."
Clara Gowing writes, "In the west L each of the two older girls,
Anna and Louisa, had a little room for a studio all her own, in
which she reigned supreme. Louisa loved to be alone when reading
or writing, and a door from her room opening toward the hill gave
her opportunity to slip out into the woods at her pleasure." This
is the only specific reference to Anna's room being next to Louisa's
although tradition has perpetuated this fact. Elizabeth wrote in
her journal that she "slept with Anna" on April 25 and 26, 1846.
103
This implies that Anna had her own room.
Hawthorne Use : The Hawthornes used the southern room as a study
and library:
Mrs. Hawthorne wrote to her mother: "The study is the pet room, the
temple of the Muses and the Delphic shrine."
Julian Hawthorne recalled: "In the evenings he [Nathaniel Hawthorne]
sat in the 1 ibrary,--the room in the western wing which had formerly
103. Edna D. Cheney, Louisa May Alcott: Her Life, Letters and Jour -
nals (1930 ed.), p. 36; Elizabeth Alcott's Journal (Family Letters,
I) MML's notes, MMNHP; Clara Gowing, The Alcotts As I Knew Them (Bos-
ton: The CM. Clark Publishing Co.), pp. 3-4; Elizabeth Alcott Jour-
nal. All excerpts from typescript notes, MMNHP files.
62
been the study; and here he either read to himself or aloud to the
assembled family." Quoting Mrs. Hawthorne, Julian added, "he is
trying to write, and locks himself into the library and pulls down
the blinds." "The following winter I visited him again.... We dined,
and after dinner we retired to the study where he brought out some
strong cigars, and we smoked vigorously."
R.H. Stoddard, poet, wrote, "After tea, he [Hawthorne] showed me a
bookcase, where there were a few books toppling about on the half-
filled shelves, and said coldly, 'This is my library'." William
Dean Howells wrote of Hawthorne's illness, "...so that in the morn-
ing Mr. Hawthorne was able to go down into the library, where I had
a comfortable lounge placed, and all day he lay down and sat up a
little, with constantly decreasing suffering."
"My father, Nathaniel Hawthorne, had about five hundred books when
we came back from England in 1860, and took up our residence in the
Wayside, in Concord. That is my guess. They were never cataloged,
or even counted. But the west wing of the little house had been done
over on our return, and the ground floor room was fitted with book
104
shelves and called the library."
104. Sophia Hawthorne to her mother, June 6, 1852, Hawthorne and His
Wife , pp. 269, 326, 460; William Dean Howells, Literary Friends and
Acquaintances , p. 54; Randall Stewart, "Hawthorne's Last Illness and
Death, Mrs. Hawthorne's Letters to Mr. and Mrs. Fields," More Books ,
The Bulletin of the Boston Public Library (October, 1944), p. 308;
Julian Hawthorne, Bookman , 61 (July, 1925), p. 567; all from quota-
tations in MMNHP files.
63
The Hawthornes used the northern room as a guest room, nicknamed
"The Bennoch Room." Hawthorne had removed the partitions between
the two northern rooms, making one large room. "One of the addi-
tions to my house is a little bit of a library and adjacent sleep-
ing-room, which I intend for our most honored and welcome guests,
105
and have christened by your name--Bennoch's Room."
Lothrop Use : The Lothrops used the southern room as a library
and the northern room as a summer parlor (called the "Piazza Room").
In 1887, the Lothrops built the piazza on the west side of the
rooms. Around 1906, the Lothrops removed the partition and had one
large room which they used as a parlor. In the 1915 inventory it
106
is designated as the "drawing room."
PIAZZA (WEST)
This porch was added in 1887 by Daniel Lothrop. MML "remembers
riding her velocipede on the Piazza floor about 1889." The Lothrops
used this porch during warm weather for entertaining and relaxing.
MML recalls a maid bringing tea to the piazza where Mrs. Lothrop
107
would serve her guests.
105. Nathaniel Hawthorne to Bennoch, December 17, 1860, typescript,
MMNHP files.
106. Interview, Orville W. Carroll and MML, typescript, MMNHP files
107. Interview, Orville W. Carroll and MML, August 1, 1966, type-
script, MMNHP files.
64
SITTING ROOM
Original Use : This room is part of the original house. The
room was probably used as a bedroom or combination parlor and
108
sleeping room.
Alcott Use : By elimination, Ronsheim rightly considers that
the Alcotts used this room as their dining room and also as their
109
school room. Here meals were taken in the company of the Alcott
family's varied guests, and, when not in use for meals, the Alcott
girls were taught here by their father, Miss Ford, and their oldest
sister, Anna.
"September 29, 1846, Anna has taken her sisters into the school room
110
and spends hours with them daily."
Elizabeth Alcott's diary, April 29, 1846, "Abba and I played in the
school room;" May 1, 1846, "Father came into the school room. Day's
order: Study in School -room till twelve."
May 10, 1846, "Sun came into the school -room;" June 22, 1846, "I
wrote my journal in the evening in the schoolroom, with Father, by
111
candle-light."
108. See Kimball.
109. HDS, p. 64.
110. ABA Diary, 20, as quoted in MMNHP files after MML's notes
111. Family Letters I, MML's notes as quoted in MMNHP files.
65
From May Alcott to her mother: "My Dear Mother--0 mother, it is so
beautiful this morning as I sit in the schoolroom by Father; such a
112
bright sunshine all about."
Hawthorne Use : From a letter written by Mrs. Hawthorne to her
mother, we know that the Hawthornes used this room as their dining
room. Julian confirmed this in his speech at the Hawthorne cente-
113
nary.
Lothrop Use : The Lothrops used this room as a sitting room.
This name is given as early as 1888 in a steam heat estimate. Be-
cause Harriett Lothrop had the room painted green shortly after tak-
ing possession of the house in 1883, the family also referred to the
room as the "Green Room." Here the family relaxed and Mrs. Lothrop
wrote.
112. Caroline Ticknor, May Alcott, A Memoir (Boston, 1928), pp. 27-
28. The letter was dated July 5, 1848.
113. Sophia Hawthorne to her mother, June 13, 1852. Mrs. Hawthorne
drew a map of her kitchen on the letter and keyed parts of the map
to her description. "No. 1 door," she wrote, "leads to the dining
room." This is the southwestern door of what is now the Old Room.
Cf. Sophia Hawthorne to Annie Fields, cited in note 92. Julian Haw-
thorne's pape^, "Hawthorne's Last Years," states, "A room was added
over the library; another in the rear of the dining room...." He is
referring to the tower addition in 1860, Hiqginson, ed., pp. 111-112,
Julian's paper was presented at the Hawthorne Centenary.
66
"At the right of the entrance is an antique reception-room The
green room is to the right from the entrance hallway. It is one of
the original rooms of the cottage."
"In the old colonial sitting room, Mrs. Lothrop wrote many of the
volumes of 'The Five Little Peppers, 1 which she published under her
pen name, 'Margaret Sidney'."
"When I was a young girl, she and I would often sit in front of the
open fire in the old sitting room She never wrote in the evening,
but sat in fron of the fire, rocking and thinking, or perhaps read-
ing. "H4
EAST CHAMBER
Original Use : As a bedchamber.
Alcott Use : By tradition, this was the Alcott girls' bed-
room. All four girls slept here until Louisa and Anna received
their own room in 1846. Ronsheim also speculates that the room
114. MML's recollections about the green room's name, Sitting Room
envelope, "Details About Rooms" box, January 29, 1958 as copied in
MMNHP files; Theodore F. Wolfe, Literary Shrines (Philadelphia, J.B.
Lippencott Co., 1896), p. 60; Margaret McOmie, "Wayside--Home of
Three Authors," AAA Travel (May, 1933), p. 2; The Concord Herald
(June 1, 1933), all quoted in MMNHP files; Lothrop, pp. 173, 178.
67
might have been used by the Alcotts as a quest room. Information
115
about the Alcotts 1 sleeping arranqements is scarce.
Hawthorne Use : The east chamber was Rose Hawthorne's bedroom.
It is believed that she shared the room with Una before Una re-
116
ceived her own room in 1860.
Lothrop Use : Mr. and Mrs. Lothrop used this room as their
bedroom when they purchased the house in 1883. Mrs. Lothrop con-
tinued to use the room after Mr. Lothrop died in 1892. Margaret
Lothrop used this room by 1905 when she graduated from Smith Col -
117
lege.
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM
Hawthorne Use : The Hawthornes added this room to the house as
part of the 1860 tower addition. They used it as a quest room.
Ronsheim speculates that it might have been used by President Frank-
118
lin Pierce, Hawthorne's friend.
115. Miss Lothrop believed this room was the Alcott girls' room
because her mother told her it was. Harriett Lothrop heard the
story from the Hosmer girls, acquaintances of the Alcotts; for an-
other viewpoint, see HDS, pp. 59-60.
116. HDS, p. 76.
117. MML notes on room use, MMNHP files; also from interview, MML
and Orville W. Carroll, June 21, 1966, typescript, MMNHP files.
118. HDS, pp. 69-74, 108.
68
Lothrop Use : Mrs. Lothrop used this as her bedroom around
1906. The Lothrops had earlier used this room as a guest room.
119
The room is designated the "Terrace Room" in the 1915 inventory.
LARGE BATHROOM
Alcott Use : This room was a garret during the Alcott years.
Ronsheim speculates that this was the Alcott girls' room because of
120
its placement over the warm kitchen.
Hawthorne Use : Hawthorne finished this space as a room during
his occupancy. Originally it was one large room, used for maids'
121
quarters.
Wayside School Use : It is possible, but not documented, that the
Wayside School partitioned the room for use as two bedrooms.
Lothrop Use : Presumed converted to a bathroom when town water
was added to the house in 1883. Miss Lothrop recalled that her fa-
119. Interview with MML, June 21, 1966, typescript, MMNHP files;
cf. HDS, p. 108.
120. On Alcott's use, see HDS, p. 60.
121. HDS, p. 74, citing Julian Hawthorne's paper, "Hawthorne's Last
Years," as quoted in Higginson, ed. The Hawthorne Centenary Celebra -
tion at the Wayside, Concord, Massachusetts, July 4-7, 1904 (Boston,
1905), pp. 111-112.
69
ther kept weights on "the north wall, west of [the] window" indi-
122
eating that the room was used for exercise as well as hygiene.
MAID'S ROOM AND DRESSING ROOM
Alcott Use : Ronsheim speculates that this room was proba-
bly the Alcott Girls' room (see note 120).
Hawthorne Use : Maid's room. Mrs. Hawthorne refers to "Ellen's
chamber" in a letter to her mother on June 13, 1852. In 1860, the
Hawthornes remodeled the room and added architectural refinements
123
such as the arched ceiling.
124
Lothrop Use : Maid's room; later as a dressing room.
NORTHEAST CORRIDOR
There is no documentation on when this corridor was installed.
Possibly, the Hawthornes installed it around 1860. The corridor
allows access to the north rooms of the second floor and to the
125
kitchen, without disturbing the occupants of the south rooms.
122. HDS, p. 82; Miss Lothrop gives her opinion on this in an in-
terview with Robert D. Ronsheim, August 19, 1966, draft, typescript,
p. 25, MMNHP files; weights are mentioned in an interview with MML,
May 1, 1967, typescript, MMNHP files.
123. Sophia Hawthorne to mother, June 13, 1852. See Julian Haw-
thorne's paper, cited in note 127, for 1860 improvements.
124. Interview, MML and Ronsheim, June 16, 1966, draft, typescript,
pp. 36-37.
125. HDS, p. 114.
70
NORTHWEST CORRIDOR
This corridor was added to "provide access from Una's room and the
126
guest room in the tower to the bath" when it was added in 1884.
SMALL BATHROOM
127
Alcott Use : Uncertain, possibly a quest room.
128
Hawthorne Use: Possibly the maid's or cook's room.
Lothrop Use : Originally, during the Lothrop occupancy, this
room was the "Man's room for winter use." Harriett Lothrop convert-
ed it into a bathroom and cut the door between this room and the
Maid's room to the west. Miss Lothrop believed the room was con-
129
verted in 1910.
TOWER STUDY
Hawthorne Use : Hawthorne built the tower in 1860 and used it
as a study. He also entertained friends there.
126. HDS, pp. 81-82; Interview, MML and Orville W. Carroll, Au-
gust 16, 1966, typescript, MMNHP files, MML thinks the corridor was
installed by the Lathrops.
127. HDS, pp. 60-61.
128. HDS, p. 76.
129. Interview, MML and Ronsheim, August 19, 1966, draft, type-
script, MMNHP files.
71
"Business is now so dull that I should think you might find time to
come and smoke a cigar with me in this comfortable room."
"I am writing this note in my new study."
"I spend two or three hours a day in my sky-parlor...." ABA re-
130
cords, "Sat a while with Hawthorne in his tower."
Gray Use : It is not known for what purpose the Grays used
the tower. The painted murals on the vaulted ceiling are signed
and dated by G.A. Gray, 1871.
131
Wayside School Use : The tower was used as a bedroom.
Lothrop Use : Kept as a memorial to Hawthorne.
UNA'S ROOM
Hawthorne Use : The Hawthornes added this room in 1859 as a bed-
room for Una. No record exists about specific activities in this
room. We can presume that sleeping, dressing, perhaps studying and
132
reading, took place here.
130. Hawthorne, December 9, 1860, Ticknor, pp. 247, 256; ABA Diary,
1860, 35., December 8, 1860, excerpts from typescript notes, MMNHP
f i 1 es .
131. HDS, p. 80, cites source as ABA Journals, 49_ (1874), p. 676;
55 (1875), pp. 143-160.
132. HDS, p. 73; Lothrop, p. 103.
72
Lothrop Use : The 1915 inventory describes this room as the
"Blue Room." The Lothrops so designated this room because its
walls were painted in shades of blue. They used this room as a
133
guest room.
UPPER COLONIAL ENTRY
This was the original second floor hall of the oldest portion of
the house. It functioned as a hall between bedrooms and as a
stair landing between the first floor and the attic.
UPPER FRONT HALL
Lothrop and
Hawthorne Uses : This hall was built by the Hawthornes in 1860
and used as a passageway between the rooms. From this hall, ac-
cess is gained to Una's room, the guest bedroom, the tower study,
the northwest passage, and the Hawthorne chamber.
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
Original Use : As a bed chamber.
Alcott Use : By tradition, this was Mr. and Mrs. Alcott's
chamber.
Elizabeth Alcott's journal:
April 22, 1846, "Sat in Mother's chamber to sew."
133. Interview, Orville W. Carroll and MML, August 15, 1966, type-
script, MMNHP files.
73
Thursday, April 23, "After dinner sewed & knit in mother's chamber.
May 5, 1846, "After dinner Abba & I played house in mother's cham-
ber."
May 16, 1846, "We sat in mother's chamber and wrote."
ABA, October 5, 1846, "Set an air tight stove in our chamber, for
134
retirement in wintry days."
Hawthorne Use : By tradition, as Mr. and Mrs. Hawthorne's bed-
135
room.
Lothrop Use : The 1915 inventory designates this the "Hawthorne
136
Room." This was Miss Lothrop' s bedroom when she was a child.
134. MML's notes, Family Letters, I, MMNHP files; ABA's Diary, 20
(MML's notes, MMNHP files).
135. HDS, p. 109.
136. MML notes, MMNHP as cited by HDS, p. 109.
74
EVIDENCE OF ORIGINAL FURNISHINGS
Introduction
The following furnishings evidence is drawn from a variety of sources.
Two inventories of the Wayside's furnishings exist, from 1914 and
1915 when Harriett Lothrop rented the property. There are numerous
photos of the rooms as they were furnished during Mrs. Lothrop 's 1883-
1924 occupancy, and more recent photos which corroborate the earlier
visual evidence. Among the Lothrop family papers at MMNHP, are HML's
notes from travels abroad. These notes list the sources of purchases
which later decorated the Wayside. Margaret M. Lothrop kept detailed
records of nearly every item in the house. Her handwritten notes
made over a thirty-year period, plus transcriptions of oral inter-
views with her by Park Service historians between 1960 and 1970, have
been invaluable to this study. We must remember that oral interviews
lend a sense of immediacy to historical research, but they are not
factually infallible. Miss Lothrop and her mother preserved informa-
tion about the Wayside's collection as it was presented to them. The
accuracy of their data still must be tested against other contemporary
accounts of objects, and against subsequent research. Additional
sources for this section are: contemporary furnishings catalogs, the
Hawthorne and Alcott papers, and recent decorative arts research.
The Wayside furnishings came from several sources. One should bear
in mind that the Lothrops used the Wayside as a summer residence and
75
such homes frequently became repositories for items that do not con-
form to the lifestyle of a formal winter residence. Daniel Lothrop
kept furniture from his first marriage at his Concord home. Furni-
ture from D. Lothrop & Company's offices and retail store were also
moved to the Wayside after Lothrop' s widow sold the business in 1894.
Mrs. Lothrop inherited furniture from her family and she kept much
of it at the Wayside. Durinq her lifetime HML made an effort to pur-
chase objects with a Hawthorne provenance. Unfortunately, no bills
of sale survive and tradition, corroborated at times by the Hawthorne
papers, is the only evidence we have.
HML also purchased objects with a Concord association for her own
home and for her preservation projects in the area. Listed in ear-
lier inventories, some of these items are now dispersed.
MML continued her mother's practice of acquirinq antiques until she
qave her home to the Park Service. Consequently, when the house be-
came public property in 1965, it was fully furnished with objects
selected and documented by the Lothrops.
Miss Lothrop is responsible for the Wayside's preservation. Her ef-
forts are acknowledged by the Park Service which maintains objects
she acquired to relate the house's story.
Photographs taken between 1883 and 1924 indicate that the Lothrops
frequently rearranged objects in the house. (The Lothrops were a
76
busy, active family and that movement reflects their lives.) This
makes definite placement, of especially the smaller items, rather
arbitrary. When MML recalls an object "always" in a particular
location, I have placed it there and noted the reason. In other
instances placement of items in a particular room is based on an
inventory or a photoqraph.
Time constraints did not permit me to carefully evaluate every
item in the Wayside. Miss Lothrop's descriptions are reliable for
an object's traditional associations, and MMNHP's catalog is re-
liable for gross descriptions such as color and measurements. Nei-
ther provides the detailed description necessary for complete iden-
tification of an object's time and place of manufacture. With the
exception of cataloger Cordelia Snow's excellent ceramic and glass
identifications, I have relied on the catalog cards only for mea-
surements, color, and transcriptions of marks and labels. My con-
clusions about a specific item, its composition, source, value,
and appropriateness are based primarily on my own examination of
the object, photos of the object, my knowledge of comparable ob-
jects, and on primary records of contemporary items.
Throughout this section, objects are arranged room-by-room. Rooms
are grouped by floor and listed within each group in alphabetical
order. I have endeavored, where possible, to list each object by
77
its NPS catalog number, and have also included Miss Lothrop's
catalog number, if known. The latter entry reads "MML #x." This
will allow future researchers to trace an object in MML's filing
system.
78
Room-By- Room Furnishings Evidence
BAY WINDOW ROOM
Telephone
The original, crank telephone was mounted near the door on the west
1
wall between the window and door.
Furniture
TABLE, NPS #2034; MML "Table #5." A marble-topped, mid-nineteenth
century table. MML believed that this belonged to D.L. This
is listed in the 1914 inventory.
TABLE, NPS #2033; MML "Tables 6B." Matches #2034.
SECRETARY (DESK AND BOOKCASE), NPS #2018; MML "Desks #1." This is
seen in Illustrations 4 (1922) and 5 (1937). Mrs. Lothrop
acquired this from a dealer who explained in a letter that he
showed the piece to Mary Peabody Mann who affirmed that it
was in the Wayside when she lived there. The desk was sold
2
at auction in 1868. HML acquired it in 1908.
Prints, Paintinqs
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2242. Sepia-toned photograph of the Sistine Chapel
by Michelangelo. Depicts the Last Judgment.
1. MML/Carroll interview, Auqust 2, 1966, transcription, Draft, p. 48,
IP files.
2. MML notes, typescript copy of letter, MMNHP files
79
BAY WINDOW ROOM
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2786. Black and white, hand-colored photograph of
Venice. Italian label. Probably purchased by HML on her
trip to Italy.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2312. "Madonna di Foligno" by Raphael. Stickers
on reverse of the frame indicate that Mrs. Lothrop purchased
it abroad and had it framed in Boston. It is listed in the
1914 inventory.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2286; MML #16. "Fondheim Cathedral." Colored
photo. HML purchased this in Norway. It hung in the room
in 1914.
Metals
VASE, NPS #2563. Also listed in the 1914 inventory. A "brass and
copper pitcher." This is probably the flower container visi-
ble in Illustration 4 (1922).
Textiles
CURTAINS. The 1914 inventory lists "4 green curtains." These are
seen at the windows in the 1922 photograph, Illustration 4.
The park now uses reproductions of the original curtains.
"2 SMALL GREEN TABLE COVERS." These are also listed in the inventory,
but nothing is known of these today.
80
BAY WINDOW ROOM
"3 SHADES FOR WINDOWS." These were present in addition to the cur-
tains. A shade is visible in Illustration 5. The park has
no original shades. MML noted that HML sometimes hung a cur-
tain between this room and the sitting room to keep the heat
in the latter room. There is no documentation of the cur-
3
tain's appearance.
Lighting Devices
"2 TALL GREEN CANDLESTICKS/2 RED CANDLES." These were listed in
the 1914 inventory along with the information that the sticks
were pottery. It is difficult to speculate further about
what they were. The contrasting red candles do provide some
information about HML's taste.
Brackets
"1 TALL BRACKET ON WALL/1 SMALL BRACKET ON WALL." MML recalls that
these were wooden brackets which HML used to hang plants in
the bay window. They are missing.
Books
In an interview with MML, winter, 1965-66, she mentions that some of
the Peppers books were kept in this room (see Illustration 4).
3. Carroll/MML interview, Auaust 2, 1966, transcription, Draft,
p. 50, MMNHP files.
DINING ROOM
Furniture
SIDEBOARD, NPS #2009; MML "Bookcase #2." Miss Lothrop believes that
Mrs. Lothrop told her this was a Hawthorne piece and barely
remembers seeing the top section. The bottom is shown in Il-
lustration 8 in the northeast corner of the room. There is
no further documentation on the Hawthorne provenance.
TABLE, NPS #2006; MML "Tables #22" Gateleg. MML states that "During
HML's day it stood in the SE corner of the dining room diago-
nally . . . ." She believed HML purchased it.
TABLE, NPS #2001; MML "Tables #2." In 1914, it was noted that the
leaves were missing. Mrs. Lothrop bought it at a Concord
sale. It is said to have been the table of Deacon Parkman,
who served under the Reverend Ezra Ripley. The surface is
badly marred and Miss Lothrop believes that her mother would
have kept it covered. It is not covered in the 1922 photo-
graph, Illustration 8, in which it is against the north wall.
It does not appear in earlier photographs of this part of the
room.
TABLE, NPS #2007; MML "Tables #1." This is a mid-nineteenth-century
extension dining table. HML told MML that she and DL purchased
this table from Rose Hawthorne Lathrop in 1883. Mrs. Lathrop
maintained that this was Mr. Hawthorne's. It has always been
the Lothrops' dining table.
82
DINING ROOM
CHAIRS, NPS #2002, #2003, #8429; MML "Chairs #16." These are visi-
ble in Illustration 9 (1888) and in Illustration 8 (1922).
In 1915, "2 arm chairs/3 small dining chairs" were listed in
the inventory. Location of the armchairs is unknown.
CHAIR, NPS #2051; MML "Chairs #5." Daniel Lothrop's desk chair
from his office. Brought to the Wayside after his death.
HML sat in it at the head of her dining table.
CHAIR, NPS #2564; MML "Chairs #8." Black, "Hitchcock-type" Windsor
with stencilled crest rail. MML bought this chair in 1934
from Mr. Herbert Nealey who said it came from Humphrey But-
terick's attic. It was in the dining room when the Park
Service acquired the Wayside in 1965.
Ceramics & Glass
PLATTER, NPS #1639; MML #42. Transfer-printed creamware. The 1915
inventory lists "1 antique blue oblong platter on wall." This
may be one visible on the wall in the 1922 photograph (Illus-
tration 8) .
PLATE, NPS #1640; SOUP PLATE, NPS #1638. Creamware plates, marked,
"Saxon China." A "gilt and white plate" is listed in the 1915
inventory; a "gold and white" plate is listed in 1914. Possi-
bly #1640 is the same plate.
83
DINING ROOM
PLATE, NPS #1646; MML #26. Faience plate with image of St. Malo.
HML purchased it in 1907. In 1915, it hung on the wall.
4
HML often hung plates on the wall.
PLATTER, NPS #1636. Delft. Purchased in Brittany in 1911 by HML
TEAPOT LID, NPS #1584. Chinese export porcelain. Blue and white
with strawberry knop. No other reference.
SAUCER, NPS #1585
SAUCER, NPS #1586
BOWL, NPS #1588 Hardpaste, Chinese export porcelain
SAUCER, NPS #1589
SAUCER, NPS #1590 with "HNM" monogram. Part of a set
SAUCER, NPS #1591
SAUCER, NPS #1592 given to Henry and Nancy Mulford (HML's
SAUCER, NPS #1593
BOWL, NPS #1595 relatives) by an uncle, A. Mulford,
SAUCER, NPS #1601
PLATE, NPS #1603 c. 1830.
CAKE PLATE, NPS #1624 Bought to complete HNM set but do not
CAKE PLATE, NPS #1625
CAKE PLATE, NPS #1626 exactly match. Chinese export, initialed
4. MML interview, Winter, 1965-66, transcription, p. 4, MMNHP files
84
DINING ROOM
SOUP PLATE, NPS #1609
SOUP PLATE, NPS #1610
SOUP PLATE, NPS #1612 Chinese export porcelain, blue and white
DINNER PLATE, NPS #1613
DINNER PLATE, NPS #1614 MML "China #40," says this is part of a
SAUCER, NPS #1615
SAUCER, NPS #1616 set that belonged to her mother's family
SAUCER, NPS #1617
SAUCER, NPS #1618 In the 1930s, she took the nicer pieces
SAUCER, NPS #1619
SAUCER, NPS #1620 to California to sell.
SAUCER, NPS #1621
SAUCER, NPS #1622
SAUCER, NPS #1623
BOWL, NPS #1656. English salt glaze. Believed listed as "blue
veqetable dish" in 1915 inventory.
PLATE, NPS #1663. Austrian. Believed purchased by HML on a trip
to Europe.
FLOWER POT, NPS #1671; MML "Extra #47." TIN CONTAINER, NPS #1736.
Listed in 1915 as "1 Delft jardinere or to use for fruit/
Has inner dish." In 1914, it was a fern dish. HML bouqht
it and used it as a centerpiece. MML recalled that her
mother often kept this in the center of the table when she
5
entertained. She kept a plant growing in it.
PITCHER, NPS #1680; MML "Extra #49." MML says the object has been
at the Wayside.
Ibid.
85
DINING ROOM
DISH, NPS #8133. Marked "Semi -Chi na , England, Ridgways."
JAR, NPS #2480. Glass, one of pair. The 1915 inventory lists "cut
glass oil bottle/cut glass vinegar." Perhaps this is one.
MUG, NPS #2451. Bears portrait of Lord Baden Powell. It was pur-
chased in England by HML.
Paintings, Prints
CHROMOLITHOGRAPH, NPS #2054. Listed as "2 large chromes sheep and
cattle," in 1914 and 1915. Visible in photos of the room.
The other is #2179; both are marked "Christian Mali, MUnchen."
CHROMOLITHOGRAPH, NPS #2556; MML #25. "Asking A Blessing." Miss
Lothrop associates it with this room in her childhood, and
thinks it might have been connected with her father's pub-
lishing house.
PRINT, NPS #2225. Listed in 1915 inventory. No other information
available.
"OXFORD COAT OF ARMS," NPS #1738; "CAMBRIDGE COAT OF ARMS," NPS
#1737. Tin. HML brought these back from Europe and hung
them in the dining room.
86
DINING ROOM
PLATE, NPS #1747; MML "Extra #28." Pewter. Listed in the 1915 in-
ventory. MML recalled a pewter plate hanging on the south
wall or on the east wall of this room. Perhaps this plate
hung in both places at different times.
HORSESHOE, No NPS number; MML "Extras #8." HML told MML that she
and her husband found a horseshoe and nailed it up when they
first moved to the Wayside. This might be that horseshoe,
nailed to the mantel where MML always remembered it.
TRAY, NPS #2728. Brass rim and handles, wooden bottom. Believed to
have been here during HML's time.
FLOWERPOT HOLDER, NPS #1723. Silver plate, German. Presumed here
during HML's time.
Lighting Devices
CANDLESTICKS (PAIR), NPS #1771, NPS #1772; MML #1. Listed in 1914,
1915 inventories and visible in Illustration 8 (1922). MML
says they have been in the house for many years, on the man-
tel.
BOBECHE (PAIR), NPS #8239, NPS #8240. Dutch, softpaste porcelain
marked: "25/F/Deft/F;" "JT & LO."
87
DINING ROOM
ELECTRICAL FIXTURES. Four fixtures, with pendants are attached to
the wall. These were used by HML. They have no cataloq num-
bers and have always been in their present location.
Heating Devices
BRASS STAND FOR FIREPLACE EQUIPMENT, NPS #1793. Part of a set that
belonged to HML. MML does not remember date or location of
purchase.
FIRE SHOVEL, NPS #1801; MML "Fireplace Equipment #18." Belonged to
HML.
FIREPLACE FENDER, NPS #1810; MML "Fireplace Equipment #16." Pierced
brass with claw feet. HML mentioned purchasing a new brass
6
fender in a letter to her daughter in 1899. This is listed
in the 1914 inventory and appears in the 1922 photograph,
Illustration 8.
ANDIRONS (PAIR), NPS #1805, NPS #1806. MML #21. Shown in 1922 photo
MML thinks they belonged to her mother's family.
6. MMNHP files, MS #8990519
88
DINING ROOM
Accessories
BREAD AND CHEESE TRAY, NPS #1830; MML "Extra #2." Mahogany, marked
"G. Good." HML purchased this in England. Seen on gateleg
table in 1922 photo. Also listed in 1914 inventory.
Manuscripts
"AMERICA," NPS #2356. Four verses of "America" signed "S.F. Smith
written in February 1832/July 3, 1893." Mr. and Mrs. Smith
were freguent dinner guests at the Wayside. The manuscript
is framed.
LABEL COPY. After 1900, HML put up label copy (signs) in this room
7
which designated it (wrongly) as the Hawthorne's dining room.
Textiles
RUGS. From 1899 until at least 1915, HML had an "Axminster" or
"Wilton" carpet in this room. Although these are different
types of carpets, people frequently confuse them. At present,
the room contains a wool rug with floral designs (a "domestic"
oriental). This was given by MML but there is no record of
its history. The rug visible in the 1922 photo, Illustration
8, could be an Axminster, but specific identification is impos-
sible.
7. Interview, MML, Winter, 1965-66, p. 4
89
DINING ROOM
PORTIERE. Across the cupboard. Suspended by a metal or brass rod
with brass ends. An Art Nouveau design is visible in the
1922 illustration.
KITCHEN
Lighting
In an interview with Orville W. Carroll, August 9, 1966, MML states
that HML was responsible for the placement of the drop electric
light bulbs. She also placed the wooden trough or raceway next to
the sink and installed the shelf on the west wall of the stairway.
Furniture
STOOL, #10348. Given by MML.
CHAIR, NPS #2547. Ladderback.
Because they had hired help, the Lothrops probably did not spend a
lot of time preparing their own meals and, consequently, MML's mem-
ories of the kitchen might not have been complete. MML did not keep
extensive notes about items in the kitchen. The most reliable source
of information about the kitchen is the 1915 inventory. Historian
Ronsheim used this and a post-1924, undated inventory as the basis
for his draft on furnishings. He checked many of the items against
contemporary Sears, Roebuck and Montgomery Ward catalogs for dating
and descriptions, and compared the 1915 inventory with MML's inven-
90
KITCHEN
tory of furnishings that she prepared before she gave the Wayside to
the Park Service. Ronsheim's draft forms the essence of Furnishings
Evidence for the Kitchen. The objects are presented in the order in
which they appear in the 1914 inventory. I have added additional in-
formation where possible. In most instances, utensils for food prep-
aration and housekeeping can only be tentatively identified as those
mentioned in the 1914-15 inventories. All of the objects, like those
in the rest of this report, were Lothrop possessions. The 1915 in-
ventory does not distinguish between the areas, "kitchen" and "pan-
try." It is assumed that the heading "kitchen" groups items from
both areas. Specific placement of objects in the room, particularly
smaller cooking utensils, is conjectural.
"2 TABLES," NPS #2698; MML #15. "Kitchen table with one leg. Proba-
bly one that was in the Wayside kitchen since Lothrops have
been here . . . ." MML notes that the table had a "linoleum
cloth taked [sic] on it." Possibly, this was the "white oil
8
cloth cover" mentioned in the inventory. The second table
mentioned in the inventory has not been located. "Green oil-
cloth, also white oil cloth cover," probably refers to mate-
rials tacked onto the table tops.
8. MML notes, MMNHP files
91
KITCHEN
"CLOCK." No further documentation
"RED ANTIQUE WOODEN SMALL CHAIR," NPS #2020; MML #13.
9
"RED BIRD CAGE WINDSOR BOUGHT BY HARRIETT LOTHROP FROM MRS. CLARK."
"SMALL RATTAN & WOOD CHAIR," NPS #2010; MML #18. MML referred to
rush seats on "rattan plaited seats." Bought by HML. Pur-
ported to be "A Manning Chair, from Mrs. H.'s mother—proba-
bly in the house when Lothrops bought it." There is no cor-
roboration for this.
"SMALL RATTAN WOOD ROCKING CHAIR." Three possible candidates: MML
#37. Green rocker with woven reed seat. MML recalled the
10
chair on the piazza in good weather.
NPS #2441; MML #39. A ladderback converted to a rocker. The reed
seat was worn.
NPS #2096; MML #29. Rocker with wicker seat and back. Design on
the crest rail supposedly painted by Mrs. Hawthorne. Her
granddaughter told MML that she had seen a chair which Mrs.
Hawthorne had painted that looked like this one.
9. MML annotated inventory, MMNHP files
10. MML, Ibid.
92
KITCHEN
"LINOLEUM FLOOR COVERING." A fragment of linoleum with a geometric
design was found by MML in 1959 when she moved an old coal
stove. This piece probably dates to the Lothrops 1 early own-
ership. MML recalled that the floor was varnished during
some of her girlhood; she could not be more specific. The
linoleum probably antedates the varnish because the floor
under the linoleum is not finished. A reproduction of this
linoleum is now in the kitchen.
"2 KHAKI WINDOW CURTAINS (TWO PAIRS)." "Khaki curtain to door of
store closet" (presumably the pantry next to the door to the
Old Room). Although reproduction curtains are now in use,
MMNHP has no record of the original curtains.
"REFRIGERATOR," NPS #10346; "Extra" MML #28. The icebox was patented
in 1911. MML notes that it was used in the kitchen and later
in the "Refrigerator Room" south of the kitchen. A hole, for
drainage, in the floor of the room marks the icebox's place-
ment. Although the icebox was in the south room in 1924, it
is presently displayed in the kitchen where visitors can see
it.
93
KITCHEN
"ICE CREAM FREEZER." Cannot locate. For example, see Ice Cream
11
freezer in 1902 Sears catalog. Sears offered two models,
"Shephard's" and "The Blizzard" in a variety of sizes.
"CLOTHES FRAME." Cannot locate. This is probably a wooden rack
12
for drying laundry indoors. See Sears "Clothes Bar."
"3 STONE JUGS FOR MOLASSES & VINEGAR." Not located. The reference
indicates large capacity, stoneware jars. These jars were
available through large mail-order houses, such as Sears
(see p. 798). (Pre-1892 when steam pottery was introduced,
stoneware was also available through small, local potteries.)
"CLOTHES LINE." Original is missing.
"LARGE BLUE AND WHITE PITCHER." Not located.
"TIN CLOTHES BOILER/FOOT TUB." Possibly NPS #2743.
"FLAT IRON (OLD 0NE)/2 FLAT IRONS EACH 5 LB/2 FLAT IRONS EACH 6 LB/
2 FLAT IRONS EACH 8 LB." MMNHP has three 8-pound irons: NPS #1835,
NPS #1836, and NPS #2734. NPS #1834 is a 5-pound iron. Al-
though not listed, NPS #1837 is a flat-iron holder.
11. Sears, Roebuck Catalogue (New York: Bounty Books, 1969; rpt
1902): 576.
12. Ibid., p. 597.
94
KITCHEN
"NEW BROOM." Not located.
"COAL SCUTTLE," NPS #2542.
"OLD BROOM." Possible NPS #10372.
"SMALL SHOVEL FOR RANGE/1 SHAKER TO STOVE." NPS #9446 is a single
catalog number assigned to two coal shovels. The smaller
one might be the one listed in the inventory. The coal range
is not listed in the inventory, possibly an oversight. The
stove shaker is missing.
"DUST PAN." Missing. Sears 1902 catalog, p. 591, illustrates three
models.
"WHISK BROOM'V'SOFT FLOOR BRUSH." NPS #8188 might be the floor
brush. The whisk broom is missing.
"BEAN POT." Possibly NPS #8156, but no lid is listed. Sears 1902
catalog illustrates a lidded bean pot of a different form.
The capacity is from one to eight quarts.
"BOOK SHELF," MML #65 & #66. "Extras" are a wooden shelf with bronze
brackets and a back piece. If this is the same bookshelf, it
is not in the kitchen today. Possibly it is NPS #2574.
95
KITCHEN
"WASH BOARD," NPS #2710. This board is stamped "Manuf. E. Murdock
Co., Winchendon, Mass." A scene depicting pilgrims is
painted on the reverse.
"FLOOR MOP," NPS #9449.
"DOOR MAT." Presumably, this was kept inside the kitchen door. It
is missing.
"CARPET SWEEPER." Missing.
"HAMMOCK & CUSHION IN OUTSIDE CLOSET." If outside closet means the
pantry, then perhaps the Lothrops stored some outdoor furni-
ture in the kitchen during the winter. The objects are now
missing.
"IRONING TABLE." This is somewhat of a mystery, together with two
tables listed earlier and an ironing board listed later.
"BREAD BOARD," NPS #9448 is a possibility for this item.
"BLACK TIN TRAY." There are several possible candidates for this
item at the park: NPS #2200; MML notes #59. This tray be-
longed to HML before 1900. NPS #2199.
96
KITCHEN
"LARGE JAPANESE TRAY." This is perhaps NPS #1731, which MML kept
13
in the dining room on the sideboard. HML owned this object.
"5 DISH TOWELS/2 DISH TOWELS." Possibly five of one material or
design, and two of another.
"PLAID RED & WHITE TABLE CLOTH." Miss Lothrop's inventory contains
an entry for "red plaid table covers." These were in common
use at the time.
"IRONING H0LDER"/"IR0NING BOARD." The holder might be NPS #1837, a
slate and metal holder for an 8-pound iron. An ironing hold-
er appears nowhere in the Sears 1902 or Ward 1922 catalogs.
NPS #8515 is an ironing board that might be the one listed in
the inventory.
"2 WHITE HANDLED KNIVES"/"! OLD SILVER PLATED KNIFE"/"2 OLD SILVER
PLATED KNIVES"/"2 VEGETABLE KNIVES." These might be the following:
NPS #2399 (white handled); NPS #8007, NPS #8008, NPS #8009,
NPS #8010, NPS #8011 (silver plated).
"1 ROLLER TOWEL," NPS #8357. The roller is missing.
13. MML notes, "Extras 6a."
97
KITCHEN
"2 RED & WHITE TOWELS FOR CHINA." Originals missing. MMNHP uses
red & white checked, modern towels that are appropriate.
"1 CAKE KNIFE," NPS #8006.
"2 BREAD KNIVES," NPS #1805 and NPS #8014.
"2 LARGE COMMON SPOONS." Possibly NPS #8045--serving spoon marked
"Patent 1880 Gorham," and an anchor. NPS #2580.
"3 SMALLER COMMON SPOONS." Possibly NPS #2183, silver-plated,
marked "Patent 1880 Gorham," and an anchor; NPS #2184,
silver-plated, marked "Patent 97, 1835 R. Wallace Co." Ac-
cording to the Kovels, this mark dates to c. 1900 ( A Direc-
14
tory of American Silver Pewter, and Silver Plate ) . NPS
#8048--marked "silver plate" on back handle.
"7 COMMON TEA SPOONS." Possibly NPS #8049, marked "WMA Rogers A 1
(R)" on back of handle. NPS #8050, marked "WR". NPS #8047,
marked "+ holmes & edwards (5)" on back of handle. NPS
#8051, "WR" on back of handle. NPS #10361, "pat: 04, E.
Holmes & Edwards HE, silver inlaid."
"1 CORKSCREW." Missing; "2 EGG BEATERS." Missing. Four types of
14. Information taken from NPS catalog entry,
98
KITCHEN
corkscrews are illustrated in Sears, 1902, p. 574. Three
types of egg beaters, "spoon," "surprise," and "clover" are
illustrated in Sears, 1902, p. 593.
"1 DISH MOP." Missing. Dish mops are illustrated in Sears, 1902,
p. 572.
"2 SINK SCRAPERS." Missing.
"1 SINK COVER RECEPTACLE." Missing.
"1 PANCAKE TURNER." Missing.
"1 MILK PAN."
"1 LARGE ENAMEL BOWL." Stoneware milk pans looked much like bowls.
They were used for cooking milk or cereal (see Sears, 1902,
p. 798). NPS #9450 is a large enamel bowl.
"1 DISH STRAINER," NPS #2715.
"1 TIN DISH PAN," Missing/"1 PAPER DISH PAN 71 DITTO [marks spelled
out]. NPS #2739 labeled "United Indurated Fibre Co., "Fibrotta"/
Lockport NY/U.S. A. /Warranted/Copyright 1889". According to
another label, Fibrotta was patented February 6, 1883. The
paper dish pans are missing (probably worn out).
99
KITCHEN
"1 LARGE BLUE PLATE," NPS #8130. "Engraved/for/W. Ridgway & Co./
1832"; NPS #8166 "Semi/china engraved/ for/W. Ridgway 12"
on bottom. Blue and white transfer-printed English soft-
paste porcelain. Possibly one of these plates is the ref-
erent.
"1 PRESERVE DISH." This is an imprecise description. Neither
early Sears nor Montgomery Ward catalogs list preserve
dishes as a generic term. The Lothrops probably used a
specific dish for serving preserves, hence the name.
"1 TIN SALT SHAKER"/"2 TIN PEPPER SHAKERS," NPS #2598, NPS #2425
are glass condiment shakers with tin tops. Possibly these
are the same items.
"2 SMALL BREAD & BUTTER PLATES"/"2 SMALL OATMEAL DISHES"/6 BOWLS
GRADED SIZES--0NE OF THEM BLUE," NPS #1643, NPS #1644--might be
the bread and butter plates. These are European porcelain,
white with gilt rims. Montgomery Ward advertises oatmeal
dishes. The other dishes are not documentable.
"1 LARGE VEGETABLE GRATER," NPS #8238.
"1 SMALL TIN JELLY MOULD." Missing.
"1 FUNNEL," NPS #9451.
100
KITCHEN
"ROLLING PIN." Missing. See Sears, 1902, p. 597.
"FLOUR SIFTER." Missing. See Sears, 1902, p. 590.
"LARGE PRESERVE JAR." NPS #2618 is a stoneware jar with "James
Keiller & Son Dundee Marmalade" stamped on it.
"BREAD MIXER." Missing.
"STONE CROCK FOR SUGAR." Possibly NPS #8156.
"VERY LARGE STONE CROCK." Missing.
"BREAD BOX," NPS #2406.
"CAKE BOX," NPS #9450.
"1 MEDIUM CAKE BOWL," NPS #9450. This was listed on MML "Extra #75"
as a "19th century kitchen piece."
"4 SHIRRED EGG CUPS." Missing.
"NUTMEG GRATER." Possibly NPS #8179.
"2 BLUE VEGETABLE DISHES," NPS #8185, NPS #8186. English transfer-
printed blue and white willowware.
"5 GRADED SIZE VEGETABLE DISHES TO COOK IN." Missing.
101
KITCHEN
"1 TWO QUART FARINA BOILER"/"l LARGE FARINA BOILER"/"l LARGE
BROILER"/"! SMALL BROILER." All missing.
"1 TOASTER." The park has three toasting racks (NPS #10369, NPS #
10370, NPS #10371) for toasting bread over a coal or wood-
stove. Perhaps this is what is meant by "toaster" in the
inventory.
"1 MEDIUM PRESERVING & BOILING KETTLE WITH COVER," NPS #1997.
1 VERY LARGE PRESERVING & BOILING KETTLE WITH COVER. Missing.
1 SMALLER PRESERVING & BOILING KETTLE WITH COVER. Missing.
1 SMALL PRESERVING & BOILING KETTLE WITH COVER. Missing.
"2 LARGE SAUCEPANS." Missing.
"1 MEDIUM SAUCEPAN." Missing.
"1 SMALLER SAUCEPAN." Missing.
"1 VERY SMALL SAUCEPAN." Missing.
"PITCHERS: 1 LARGE WHITE PITCHER." Possibly, NPS #2769, an iron-
stone pitcher marked, "Royal Ironstone China/Alfred Meaker
England."
102
KITCHEN
"2 MEDIUM PITCHERS." One might be NPS #8163, an ironstone pitcher
labeled "Royal Ironstone China/Aired Meaker, Ltd. /England."
The other is missing.
"2 SMALLER PITCHERS." Missing.
"1 SMALL PITCHER." Missing.
"1 COLANDER." Missing. See Sears, 1902, pp. 587, 589 for compara-
ble pieces .
"1 LARGE COLANDER." Missing. See Sears, 1902, pp. 587, 589 for
comparable pieces.
"2 MEDIUM STRAINERS." Missing. See Sears, 1902, pp. 587, 589 for
comparable pieces.
"1 SMALL STRAINER." Missing. See Sears, 1902, pp. 587, 589 for
comparable pieces .
"1 COFFEE POT," NPS #9452.
"1 TEA POT." NPS #1642, white china labeled "Theodore Parker Tea
Pot."
"1 LARGE PAN FOR GEMS."
103
KITCHEN
"1 MEDIUM PAN FOR GEMS."
"1 SMALL PAN FOR GEMS." A gem is a muffin made of coarse flour.
Sears sold several types of muffin pans in 1902. They are
called "cakepans," "turk head pans," or "muffin pans,"
(pp. 585, 589). The Lothrop pans are missing.
"1 MEAT CHOPPER." NPS #2407 is a meat grinder labeled, "Sargent
& Co.," "Patented Apr. 25-99 Oct. 6 1906." The funnel-top
opening is labeled "Gen Food Chopper 22," "Pat. Mar. 8-92."
"1 POTATO RICER." Missing.
"1 POTATO MASHER," NPS #2403.
"2 BROWN CASSEROLE DISHES." Missing.
"TIN DIPPER." Missing.
"3 BLUE CUPS & SAUCERS"/"2 WHITE CUPS & SAUCERS." The Lothrops
kept their good dinnerware in the dining room. The kitchen-
ware was probably for the servants' use. NPS #8128, NPS
#8122, NPS #8125 are blue and white cups, an English, trans-
fer-printed version of Chinese export Canton ware; NPS #1649,
NPS #1651 are white cups. NPS #8191, NPS #8192, NPS #8195
are matching blue and white saucers, marked "engraved, 1832
104
KITCHEN
for W. Ridgway, [bow and arrow], Ridgway England." NPS
#1658, NPS #1652, and NPS #1653 are white saucers, unmarked
These are part of a set. Purchased from Miss Houghton,
Concord, and reported to have belonged to either the Adams
or Hoar famil ies .
"1 NEW TEA KETTLE"/"! OLD TEA KETTLE." Possibly NPS #9458, a
nickel-plated kettle with a turned wooden handle, painted
black. "Rome" is stamped on the fillings at each end of
the handle. NPS #9453 is a chromium-plated kettle, marked
"Solid/Copper/Chromium/Plated/Made in USA."
"1 LEMON SQUEEZER." Missing.
"1 LARGE FRYER." NPS #9457 is a 9h" tin plated frying pan. The
handle is marked "Kresge" and a tentative date of 1930 is
assigned to it.
"1 SMALLER FRYER." NPS #1996 is a black, cast-iron frying pan or
skillet that was owned by Harriett Lothrop.
"1 OBLONG FRYER." Missing.
"1 VERY LARGE ROASTING PAN"/"1 MEDIUM ROASTING PAN." Missing.
Sears, 1902, p. 583, illustrates three types of covered
roasting pans.
105
KITCHEN
"1 NEW SAUCEPAN"/"1 NEW SAUCEPAN." Missing.
"2 NEW CAKE TINS." Missing.
"BUTTER CROCK." Missing.
"1 WHITE TRAY." Missing.
"2 BLUE MEDIUM SAUCERS." Possibly NPS #8195; NPS #8139 (discussed
above) .
"1 LARGE BLUE PLATTER." Missing.
"2 SMALL WHITE PLATTERS." Possibly NPS #2456 and NPS #2465.
"4 BREAD PANS." Missing.
"2 SQUARE CAKEPANS." NPS #8183 might be one.
"1 ANGEL CAKE PAN." Missing.
"2 ROUND CAKE PANS." Missing.
"2 LARGE BROWN PIE PLATES." Missing.
"3 SMALL PIE PLATES." Missing.
"2 LARGE CUSTARD CUPS." Missing.
"2 MEDIUM CUSTARD CUPS." Missing.
106
KITCHEN
"1 SMALLER CUSTARD CUP." Missing.
"6 SMALL CUSTARD CUPS." Missing.
"1 SUGAR BOWL." Possibly NPS #1655, Continental or English hard
paste porcelain.
"TEA CADDY (CROCKERY)." NPS #1667 could be a tea caddy, although
cataloger, Cordelia Snow, calls it a sugar bowl. It is
creamware, probably late nineteenth century, English.
"KNIFE BASKET (STRAW)." NPS #2140 is a shallow (IV d.) basket
made of woven cane. The basket is 12V long and could ac-
commodate knives.
"3 ZINC ASH BARRELS." Missing. These were essential to a coal
stove.
"GARBAGE RECEPTACLE, OUTSIDE BY COAL-BIN." Missing.
Other items now in the Wayside kitchen that are not listed in the
inventory, but that are appropriate to the 1883-1924 period follow:
NPS #1739 Blanc-Mange mold supposedly belonging to Mrs. Hawthorne.
In a letter from Sophia Hawthorne to Una Hawthorne, December 11,
1862, she states, "I carried to Mrs. Alcott early this morning some
maize blanc mange which Ann made for papa, and turned out of the
107
KITCHEN
15
sheaf mould very nicely." NPS #1739 has a wheat sheaf
embossed on the bottom. I can find no documentation firm-
ly linking the Hawthorne reference to this mold. The wheat
sheaf pattern is quite common.
CLOTHES WRINGER, NPS #2746. Horseshoe brand, patented 1888.
CLOTHES BOILER OR WASH TUB, NPS #2743.
KEROSENE CAN, NPS #2650. Probably predates 1906 when the Wayside
was electrified.
SIGN, NPS #10345. Labeled "Ice" on one side, and "Fuel oil" on the
other.
"THE WAYSIDE COOKBOOK," NPS #8920. 1886. Used to note recipes.
POPCORN POPPERS, NPS #10352, NPS #10353. Metal baskets on long
handles.
RUG BEATER, NPS #1995.
15. Julian Hawthorne, Hawthorne and His Wife, p. 326
108
LOWER FRONT HALL
Furniture
WARDROBE, NPS #8579; MML #16. One of a group of furnishings brought
to the Wayside from D. Lothrop's Boston office. In one in-
terview, MML stated this piece was brought to the Wayside
after her father's death; in another, she stated that her
parents brought the piece to the Wayside when they moved
16
there. The wardrobe always stood in the same place. Also
cited in 1914-15 inventories as "Large Cabinet" Walnut. Two
sections for hanging clothes, center section with shelves.
Dates to 1870s. See Illustration 10 "Lower Front Hall" look-
ing south.
TABLE, NPS #2543. Walnut with white marble top. Miss Lothrop notes
on her inventory as Table #21. She provides no documentation
for it.
16. Ronsheim, "Evidence of Historic Furnishings, Draft," p. 58,
park files. On September 11, 1981, I interviewed Mr. Ronsheim in
his Indianapolis home. We discussed his research and his personal
acquaintance with MML when he worked as an Historian at MMNHP. Mr
Ronsheim generously made his notes and drafts available to me for
this project and I express my gratitude for this. His historical
research is first-rate. My own research corroborates his findings
in many cases. Ronsheim's draft focused on the 1914-1915 invento-
ries. Because no information exists about 1924, the year of HML's
death, I have combined references to the various Lothrop occupan-
cies. MMNHP card files, "Interior Rooms" from Interview with MML,
Winter, 1965-66, typescript, p. 36; MML notes, "LFH #16."
109
LOWER FRONT HALL
CHAIR, NPS #2037; MML "Chair" #11. Brought from Italy by HML in
1906 or 1911. Referred to as "Fra Savanarola" because of
the image of the Renaissance cleric on the back. MML kept
this in the lower front hall. It was listed in the Piazza
room in 1914 and in the Library in 1915.
CLOTHES POLE (LIGHT WOOD). Listed on the 1915 inventory. There
is no other reference to the object.
Textiles
BANNER, NPS #2552; MML "Picture" #70. Over doorway to Sitting
Room. Inscribed, "Now fayre betyde whoe here aby de and
happie may theye be and good befall whoe in this halle
render fayre courtesie." MML notes that HML purchased this
in England, pre-1911 .
Curtains
In an interview of MML by Orville Carroll, July 28, 1966, Miss
Lothrop states that the side lights at the front door always had
curtains over them. She made one set of curtains, but these were
not the earliest set. Her set is in storage at MMNHP and a repro-
duction set is on display. MML gave conflicting information about
the curtains to Ronsheim. She did not believe the curtains were
17
always there.
17. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 61
110
LOWER FRONT HALL
"LARGE GREEN RUG." This was put down in 1899 in both the upper and
18
lower front hall and on the stairs between. MMNHP 's docu-
ment is a portion that remained in the upper hall.
19
FRONT DOOR MAT. MML remembers a fiber mat outside the front door.
It is listed on the inventories.
Lighting Devices
"2 ELECTRIC FIXTURES WITH PENDENTS/2 GLASS SHADES FOR SAME." These
are recorded on the inventories. The items are now in the
lower front hall (see Illustration 10). In the July 28, 1966
20
interview, MML stated that the fixtures had never been moved.
Prints
"RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY TENTH CONTINENTAL CONGRESS OF DAR," NPS #2206.
Expression of thanks to HML for her work in the CAR. Framed
in plain oak frame, 3" thick.
"FOUR PHOTOGRAPHS IN ONE FRAME," NPS #2294-2297. Listed on 1915 in-
ventory. Photos of a tapestry, labeled: "Roma-Stove di Cef-
18. HML to MML, MMNHP MS #8990507; Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings,"
pp. 59-60.
19. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 60.
20. MMNHP files.
Ill
LOWER FRONT HALL
alo et Proksi Arazzo Borgia, Reprodizione intereletta--
Anderson-Roma." Photos are black and white. MML stated
that HML bought these in Europe and had them framed in
21
Boston. The frame is labeled "Bigelow & Jordan, import-
ers, publishers, manufacturers," Brownfield St. 641-643
Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. U.S.A. No. 88030B." A bill
survives from Bigelow & Jordan, dated March 19, 1900, for
framing 3 photographs for $18. Possibly, this refers to
22
the same item, although the number of photos differs.
Other
FIRE EXTINGUISHER. An extinguisher is listed on the 1915 inven-
23
tory. MML confirmed this with Ronsheim.
21. MMNHP, storage, Box marked "Lothrops 'The Wayside Details
about Rooms, also furniture, etc.'"
22. MMNHP files.
23. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 59.
112
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
Textiles
24
RUG. Installed by HML, c. 1908.
25
ROLLER SHADES. Always used by HML, to MML's memory.
PINK CURTAINS, NPS #10394, NPS #10395, NPS #10396. Inside the
doors of DL's bookcases "held tight [i.e. shirred] at top
26
and bottom."
CURTAINS, NPS #10389, NPS #10390, NPS #10393. White Swiss net
curtains. MML gave these to the Wayside in 1965. Their
age and the precedent for their use is unknown.
CURTAINS, NPS #10397, NPS #10398, NPS #10399. White net curtains
with floral patterns. Gift of MML; age and precedent un-
certain. Net and lace curtains are listed on the 1914 in-
ventory.
Lighting Devices
LANTERN. Suspended from ceiling. MML states that all fixtures
24. Interview, Carroll/MML, Draft transcription, n.p., n.d.,
MMNHP files.
25. Ibid.
26. Interview, MML, March 27, 1967, "Interior Rooms," MMNHP
f i 1 es .
113
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
were designed "by Bigelow and Kannard Co. of Boston on
27
Washington Street."
ASTRAL LAMP, NPS #1784; MML "Lamp" #1 . HML wired this for elec-
tricity. The glass shade was broken when MML gave it to
the park.
Prints, Paintings
"ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM," NPS #2042. English, one of a series of
scenes from The Stations of the Cross. Steel engraving
from original bas relief by John Hancock Bates, Patent by
L. & J. T. Dowling. Ebony and gilt frome. MML believed
28
this series belonged to DL before he married HML. (They
were always listed on inventories of this room.)
"CHRIST LED TO CRUCIFIXION," NPS #2640. English, one of a series
of scenes from The Stations of the Cross (see #2042 above).
"MADONNA AND FAMILY," NPS #2043. Chromo lithograph of a painting
by Erich Orrens . MML (Pictures #8), believed this painting
27. Carroll/MML interview, Draft transcription, n.p., n.d., MMNHP
files.
28. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 78.
114
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
belonged to DL before his marriage to HML. This is visible
over the mantel in the earliest photograph of this room (Il-
lustration 12) which was probably taken between 1888 and
1893. The painting remains over the mantel . MML noted that
a Biographical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (no pub-
lication information, p. 334) dates Orrens to 1821-1877,
dating the print to approximately 1840-77. Chromol ithography
29
was introduced around 1840.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2784. Portrait, inscribed, "To Mrs. Lothrop with
regards of S.W. McCall, Winchester, May 3-16." McCall was a
state governor.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2785. Portrait, autographed, "To Mrs. Lothrop/With
kind regards, Edmund Stedman." Framed by Jordan Marsh Co.
This appears in post-1922 photographs of the room. Stedman
30
was "a member of the New York literary circle." He was in-
vited to the Wayside on the occasion of Hawthorne's centenary,
but was unable to attend.
29. Peter C. Marzio, The Democratic Art: Pictures for a Nineteenth -
Century America., Chromol ithography, 1840-1900 (Boston: David R. Jod i ne
in association with the Amon Carter Museum of Western Art, Fort Worth,
1979.)
30. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," Draft, p. 79, quoting the
Dictionary of American Biography .
115
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2272. Portrait, autographed, "Geo. S. Boutwell,"
and dated "October 26, 1902." Boutwell was a politician.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2348. Portrait, inscribed, "Edward E. Hale Feb. 3,
1903." A motto, written by Hale, is also framed, "Look up
and not down/look forward and not back/look out and not in/
lend a hand." Hale was a good friend of DL. The photo was
31
on the north wall in the northwest corner in 1922.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2275. Portrait, inscribed, "Julia Ward Howe, Sept.
2nd, 1903." A manuscript of a verse from the "Battle Hymn of
the Republic" in Howe's handwriting (NPS #2276) is in the same
frame. HML and Mrs. Howe were friends.
Sculpture
BUST OF DANIEL L0THR0P, NPS #1984; MML "Picture" #71. Bronze, by S.
Kitson, 1892. This was the central piece in HML's memorial
room to her husband. NPS #2498 is an Edward Hale holography,
"Daniel Lothrop was founder of House of D. Lothrop Co. . . .
32
An American through and through . . . . "
31 . Ibid., p. 80
32. See MMNHP, MS 8940102 where HML states that delays in sending
items from the publishing company caused the dedication of the room
to be postponed.
116
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
STATUE, NPS #1756. Parian statue of nude female. HML purchased
it in 1906 or 1911 on a trip to Italy. MML noted that the
statue (11 3/4" h.) sat on the mantel in this room. MML's
notes "Extra" #62.
Metals
PAIR OF VASES, NPS #1724, NPS #1725. Bronze, Chinese, possibly
from HML's family. Mentioned in 1915 inventory of parlor.
They are visible in the 1890s photo, Illustration 12. MML
"Vases #3 and #4."
Ceramics
VASE, NPS #2600. Presently in the room. No documentation.
Clocks
BAULLIOR CLOCK, NPS #1581; MML "Clock #1." This French clock was
from HML's family, probably the Mul fords. MML recalls that
it always stood on the mantel.
Books
The bookcases are full of DL and HML's books, including their own
publ ications .
Furniture
STANDARD, NPS #1985. A square, mahogany pedestal supporting a bust
of Daniel Lothrop. (See Illustration 1.)
117
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
STANDARD, NPS #1985. A square, mahogany pedestal used to support
a bust of Daniel Lothrop. (See Illustration 13.)
BOOKCASES, NPS #2636, NPS #2637, NPS #2638. Three large bookcases
originally used at the Lothrop Co. in Boston (visible in
33
Illustrations 12 and 13). They were brought to Concord
after DL's death and subsequent sale of the publishing com-
pany. MML's notes mention a fourth bookcase in the barn
loft. This is probably NPS #8579, now in the lower front
hall.
ARMCHAIR, NPS #2082. This is part of a parlor suite that belonged
to DL during his first marriaqe. MML recalled that it was
34
"always" in this room. The back and arms are upholstered
in green velvet (see Illustrations 12 and 13).
LADY'S CHAIR, NPS #2059 All part of parlor suite described under
SIDE CHAIR, NPS #2060
SIDE CHAIR, NPS #2061 NPS #2082 above. Miss Lothrop recalled a
SIDE CHAIR, NPS #2062
SIDE CHAIR, NPS #2063 sofa as part of the suite, but it is lost
33. MML "Bookcases #3," MMNHP files
34. MML "Chairs #3," MMNHP files.
118
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
CHAIR, NPS #2021. Library chair with red leather upholstery on seat
and back. MML's reference: "All my life I have been told
that it had been (Mr. Nathaniel) Hawthorne's and that Daniel
Lothrop and Harriet Lothrop had bought it from Mrs. Rose Haw-
thorne Lathrop when they bought the house in 1883. In a di-
ary of Mrs. Hawthorne's written at the Wayside, September 1852
(now at the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City) she men-
tions his 'red chair'." Margaret M. Lothrop's catalog refer-
ence "Chairs #1." This chair certainly displays the "Moorish"
style popular in the mid-nineteenth century; MML's provenance
is guite possibly correct.
PEDESTAL, NPS #2205. Oak pedestal for a lamp. See its present use
as a support for an astral lamp in Illustration 13.
TABLE, NPS #2047. A neo-Grec, marble top library table with centrally-
connected stretchers. MML believes this belonged to DL during
35
his first marriage.
CHAIR, NPS #2020; MML #22. This is a Stone family piece. MML states
that the needlepoint back and seat were worked by HML when she
was eighteen years old and recovering from typhoid fever. This
means the chair existed as early as 1862. The chair appears to
be an early example of William and Mary revival.
35. MML "Tables #4," MMNHP files.
119
OLD ROOM
Ceramics & Glass
PLATE, NPS #1611; MML China #40. Chinese export porcelain, Canton.
From HML's family, MML recalls her mother used blue and white
doilies with this china. MML took the "qood pieces of the
set to California and sold it there."
CUP, NPS #1665. Chinese export porcelain, probably Canton.
SAUCERS, DISH, NPS #2780, NPS #2781, NPS #2782. English transfer-
printed soft paste porcelain. Marked "Oriental," "Ridqways,"
"England," impressed numbers 6, 04; 7, 97; 1, 08. NPS #2782
is stamped "61" in green, suggesting a possible date for this
pattern.
CHINESE EXPORT PORCELAIN, CANTON, NPS #s 8123, 8124, 8126, 8127,
8129, 8131, 8132, 8134, 8135, 8136, 8139, 8140, 8190, 8192,
8196, 8197, 8198, 8199, 8186, 8200 through 8213, 8235. Plates,
cups, saucers, and bowls.
PITCHER, NPS #8132. Copper lustre pitcher, with dancing figures,
known as "polka jug." Cataloger Cordelia Snow noted that it
was probably made after 1830 in an old mold. Snow cited a
comparable piece in N. Hudson Moore, The Collector's Manual
(Stokes Press Co., 1906: pp. 191-192, plate 218).
120
OLD ROOM
PLATE, NPS #1637. "Gaudy Dutch" plate, soft paste porcelain. Pur-
chased by HML in England c. 1911. Marked "Wood" (Enoch Wood
and Sons, Platters, Burslem, England, Staffordshire, 1800-
1814, with Hill works in Burslem).
VASE, NPS #2453. Glass.
INKSTAND, NPS #1670. White porcelain with gold leaf in the shape
of a flower basket. Metal ink well and sander, owned by HML.
SLEEPING CHILD, NPS #1757. Parian figure. No documentation.
Furniture
SIDE CHAIR, NPS #2010; MML "Chairs" #18. Ladder-back, rush seat.
Purchased by HML. Traditionally a Manning chair (Hawthorne
family) .
"NORWEGIAN CABINET." Brought back from Norway by HML. MML gave it
to her cousin, Mr. Griffin (Illustration 14).
CHAIR, NPS #2048; MML "Chairs #14" ROCKER. A painted pine rocker
with stenciling on the crest rail. MML believed it was in
the Wayside "for many years." She called it a "Boston Rock-
er," a contemporary term for a Windsor type rocker with wide,
painted crest rail and rolled seat. A similar Boston rocker
is pictured in the Brooklyn Chair Co. catalog (Brooklyn, 1887)
121
OLD ROOM
No. 251, p. 42, facsimile, A Victorian Chair for All Seasons
(Watkins Glen, NY: American Life Foundation Library of Vic-
torian Culture, 1978).
PIANO STOOL. Listed in 1915 inventory. This matched a Miller piano
which MML sold after 1928. The original stool (and piano)
are visible in Illustration 15, a view of the sitting room
dated 1898.
MUSIC STAND. The 1914 inventory indicates a "mission" music stand,
related to other "mission" pieces which MML brought from Cal-
ifornia. MML lived in California at the height of the "mis-
sion" craze in architecture and furniture. She purchased
much furniture in that style, later disposing of it because
it was unsuitable to the Wayside's decor.
TABLE, NPS #2038; MML "Tables #16." Oak folding table with inlaid
inserts for checkerboard. "Used often by HL when she played
chess with me when I was a girl."
WINDSOR CHAIR, NPS #2193; MML "Chairs #31." No documentation.
ARMCHAIR, NPS #2648; MML "Chairs #36." Labeled, "Grand Ledge Chair
Co. /Grand Ledge, Mich/no. 977." Probably pre-1924. This is
a late-nineteenth-century Queen Anne revival armchair modi-
122
OLD ROOM
fied by reform-style characteristics, such as the wide,
squared-off crest rail and spindles in place of a back
splat.
CHAIR, NPS #2120; MML "Chair #16" WINDSOR. Purchased by HML from
Mrs. Clark, a native of Concord (see Illustration 16, 1922).
TABLE, NPS #2066. A drop-leaf table. There is a drop-leaf table
in the 1898 photo of this room (Illustration 17). Possibly
this is the same table.
Lighting Devices
CANDLESTICKS, NPS #1773; MML "Candles #13 & #14" SET. Pewter, be-
lieved electrified by HML. Used in niches on mantel in Old
Room.
CHAMBERSTICK, NPS #1765. Probably English, c. 1885.
CANDLESTICK, NPS #1774. Wood base. Owned by HML.
LAMP, NPS #1783. Astral lamp with brass pedestal. Belong to HML's
family, probably c. 1850. This and NPS #1785 could be "2
bronze lamps on piano listed en 1914 inventory."
LAMP, NPS #1785. Astral lamp with brass pedestal.
123
OLD ROOM
LAMP, NPS #2064. Marked "Jones Lour & Fall, Boston." Electrified
oil lamp. This is seen in Illustration 17, 1898. Probably
"1 Bronze lamp with glass shade on bracket" mentioned in
1914 inventory.
Fireplace Equipment
FIREPLACE SHOVEL, NPS #2576.
WROUGHT IRON POKER, NPS #2575.
ANDIRONS, NPS #8000, NPS #8001. Seen in 1898 and 1922 photographs.
BELLOWS, NPS #1788. Seen in 1898 photo.
TRAMMEL, NPS #2674. Seen in 1898 photo.
SMALL HOOK, NPS #10317. Two pot hooks are seen in the 1898 photo.
WOODEN BOX, NPS #2030; MML "Fireplace Equipment #3." Purchased by
HML c. 1900 and used to store wood by the fireplace. Carved
into lid is this motto, "In this the art of living lies/To
want no more than may suffice."
Metals
FOOT WARMER, NPS #1734. No documentation.
124
OLD ROOM
TEA KETTLE, NPS #2125. There is a tea kettle hanging from the tram-
mel in Illustration 17. Perhaps this is the same one. Iron;
marked "N Baldwin," "spout cast 81."
Pictures
WATERCOLOR, NPS #2151; MML "Picture #64." "James and Roxanne Adams.'
MML says, "Roxanne Hoar Adams was born at the Wayside. James
Adams was a Concord cabinetmaker." Judging from the composi-
tion and garment and furnishing styles, the work dates to
1820-40. Attributed to Joseph Davis. This is on the mantel
in the 1898 photo.
Musical Instruments
MML sold the Miller piano listed on the 1915 inventory and pictured
36
in the 1898 Sitting Room photo. She did not know who bought it.
1914 Inventory Items
"WHITE FRAMED PICTURES OF MR. BULL AND HIS COTTAGE." 1914 inventory,
Presuming these were separate items, one is possibly MML #131
(location unknown), and NPS #2255, an etching printed to com-
memorate the celebration HHL held in honor of Mr. Bull.
36. Now, NPS #8676, a labeled Chickering piano, is in the room.
This is not original to the house.
125
OLD ROOM
"PAIR OF BLUE WOODEN HOLLAND SHOES ON SHELF." 1914 inventory.
Missing.
37
"LARGE FRESOLE FAN." 1914 inventory. Lost in California.
"PROTECTOR FOR FIREPLACE." 1914 inventory. Missing. Neither
the 1898 nor the 1922 photos show fireplace screens.
"PICTURES OVER PIANO." 1914 inventory. These may be visible
in the 1898 photo. By 1914, the printed "Hawthorne card-
board," the label copy visible in the 1898 photo, was in
the closet.
Also Visible in the 1898 Photo :
BOX CAMERA IN LEATHER CASE HANGING ON WALL.
SLAT-BACK "YORK" CHAIR. "Could be Mr. Bull's chair."
LADDER-BACK ROCKER. (Appears to be nineteenth century.)
A PHOTO OR PRINT of Hawthorne on the mantel draped with what ap-
pears to be black crepe.
FRINGED SHADES. Had many shades on lamps.
37. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 55
126
OLD ROOM
"POSTER UNDERNEATH PICTURE, looks like John Hancock calendar, might
38
be Old State House."
PIAZZA ROOM
Floor Coverings
MML recalls in an interview with Orville Carroll a "rug or something"
on the floor. Carroll cited a photo (now lost) showing a patterned
rug. In another reference, "Extras," MML recalled that HML put yel-
low matting in this room in 1899.
Prints, Paintings
"FIRST LANDING OF COLUMBUS, WATLINGS ISLAND (OCTOBER 1492)," NPS #
2203. Signed "Henry R. Blaney." On 1914 inventory. Copy-
righted 1892. MML #68.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2269. "Creation of Man," captioned in Italian.
Portion of Sistine Chapel showing Michelangelo's painting.
Listed in 1914 as "detail of ceiling of Vatican." Possibly
purchased by HML on trip to Italy.
"PRINCE CHARLES' CHRISTMAS AD 1611," NPS #2180. Black and white
by Howard Pyle. Sticker on back indicates that this paint-
38. Quotation from MML interview, 1965-66, re: 1898 photo ( II 1 us
tration 17). MMNHP files, "Interior Rooms."
127
PIAZZA ROOM
ing was exhibited at the Boston Art Club. The owner was
"Wide Awake Magazine #123, D. Lothrop & Co."
"FARM HOUSE," NPS #2181; MML #126 "Pictures." Watercolor by
W.L. Tyler. His idea of the Peppers' Little Brown House.
Listed on 1914 inventory.
"WHITTIER AND THE CHILDREN," NPS #2153. Signed "Louis Meynelle."
Made for HML's book of the same title. Listed on 1914 in-
ventories. A west wall location is indicated by the 1922
photo.
PHOTOGRAPH "COLOGNE CATHEDRAL," NPS #2159. 3 views in one frame.
These belonged to HML's father, Sidney Stone, a New Haven,
Connecticut architect. See Illustration 18.
PHOTOGRAPH "TOWER OF PISA," NPS #2345; MML #27. This is listed on
the 1914 inventory, and was on the west wall in the northeast
corner of the room in 1922. Miss Lothrop associates it with
the lower front hall where she hung it in 1937. The photo
belonged to HML's father, Sidney Stone.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2241; MML #117. Listed on the 1914 inventory. In-
formation on the back of the picture indicates that it was
128
PIAZZA ROOM
purchased abroad and framed in this country. The 1914 in-
ventory also lists a "Photo: Acropolis at Athens (Parthe-
non)" which the Park Service does not own.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2447; MML #115. Colored photograph of public
neoclassical building ("resembling the Parthenon") with
American flag on top. Written under the photo, "Thuss."
and "Nashville." No date. The park acguired this photo
from MML in 1970.
Furniture
TABLE, NPS #2044; MML "Tables" #11. An oblong, green wicker table
purchased by HML for use on the piazza. A letter from HML
to MML May 7, 1899 mentioned a new green willow piazza table
and easy chair, cushioned to match.
TABLE, NPS #2045; MML "Tables" #11. Also purchased for use on the
piazza.
CHAIR, NPS #2544. Wicker, sguare back. Used on the piazza.
CHAIR, NPS #2545. Wicker, oval back. Used on the piazza.
ARMCHAIR, NPS #2013; MML "Chairs #35." A rococco revival, shield
back armchair with walnut arms, mid-nineteenth century, with
129
PIAZZA ROOM
black horsehair upholstery. MML is not certain which of her
parents purchased this chair. This chair is part of a parlor
suite.
SIDECHAIR, NPS #2005; MML "Chairs #19." A lady's chair, part of
the same parlor suite as NPS #2013 above. See Illustration
19.
ARMCHAIR, NPS #2700; MML "Chairs #38." Upholstered in black horse-
hair (back and seat), with mahogany arms and leqs. MML be-
lieved this chair might have been DL's. It dates to the mid-
nineteenth century and could be part of the parlor set in Mrs.
Hawthorne's parlor.
BASKET, NPS #2727. Wicker. This represents a wicker basket listed
in the 1914 inventory. No history survives, except that MML
gave it to MMNHP in 1970.
BOOKCASE, NPS #2032; MML Bookcases #1. HML told MML that the book-
case belonged to the Hawthornes . Her source for this fact is
unknown. As stated above, the room was Hawthorne's library/
study and numerous references document Hawthorne's bookshelves
and their contents. Because the shelves are not described in
130
PIAZZA ROOM
detail, we cannot confirm the presence of this bookcase. 39
The bookcase was located in the Bay Window Room in 1937 (see
Illustration 5).
Lighting Devices
CANDLESTICK, NPS #2594; MML "Candleholders #10." This is a version of
a menorah. MML recorded that HML purchased it around 1906. No
reason is cited for the purchase.
Books Listed in Various Inventories of This Room
PEPPERS AT SCHOOL (1903), NPS #8752.
PEPPERS AND FRIENDS, NPS #8710.
PEPPERS ABROAD, NPS #8713.
TWO LITTLE FRIENDS IN NORWAY, NPS #8786. This was illustrated by
Herman Hyer whose illustrations hang in the sitting room.
A LITTLE MAID OF BOSTON TOWN, NPS #8769.
39. William Dean Howells, a visitor to Hawthorne, recorded, "After
tea, he showed me a bookcase, where there were a few books toppling
about the half-filled shelves and said, coldly 'This is my library,'"
Howells, Literary Friends and Acquaintances , p. 54, as quoted in
MMNHP files "Interior, Specific, Bookcase."
131
PIAZZA ROOM
HESTER, NPS #8764.
PASSING OF THIRD FLOOR BACK, NPS # 2693. Jerome K. Jerome. MML
attended this play in January, 1914. The book contains
clipped reviews of the performance, which starred Forbes-
Robertson, and a notice of the actor's retirement.
HAWTHORNE CENTENARY, NPS #8915.
CONCORD GUIDE BOOK, NPS #9023. Bartlett. Published by D. Lothrop
and inscribed by Harriett M. Stone, July 4, 1881.
HAWTHORNE AND HIS WIFE, NPS #8901, NPS #8902 (volumes I and II).
Jul ian Hawthorne.
THE MARBLE FAUN, NPS #9021. Nathaniel Hawthorne. Inscribed by
Mrs. Lothrop, 1905.
ROMOLA, NPS #9266 and NPS #9267. Volumes I and II.
LADY OF THE LIGHT HOUSE, NPS #9052. Inscribed by the author,
Helen S. Woodruff.
Window Hangings
In an interview, MML recalled that her mother used full-length
curtains on the windows after 1905. She does not describe the
curtains, however.
132
SITTING ROOM
The nineteenth-century photographs of this room are important docu-
ments of what small, personalizing objects were in the sitting room.
We know that HML and the photographers "arranged" the rooms before
the photos were taken; nevertheless, they tell us which items she saw
as important. Illustration 20 from 1888 shows a large fan stuck be-
hind a picture on the wall; pine cones hung from the corner of the
fire screen and from the corner of the shelves over the mantel. Vases
of flowers are visible in the photos. The 1898 photo, Illustration 15,
shows small items--an American flag placed in a glass on the mantel; a
child's toy hanging from the edge of the shelves; a flower vase in a
woven wicker holder hanging from the edge of the mantel --all imparting
a sense of life to the room. Two calendars from Boston insurance com-
panies hang on the wall. A woven basket for holding letters hangs
from the fire screen. On the mantel, a drawing signed "ML" stands
behind the porcelain cups. This is undoubtedly a child's drawing made
with a compass and colored inks which MML made and HML displayed with
motherly pride. Books are piled everywhere and family photos are
closely grouped with more concern for their inclusion in the room than
for their aesthetic effect. It is important that this level of taste
is maintained. This sitting room was for the Lothrops what a "family
room" is in a house today. Here, they relaxed amidst familiar fur-
nishings. All of the flat art in the room was either from DL's busi-
ness or purchased as souvenirs at tourist sites around the world. The
room was never intended to reflect sophistication or elegance.
133
SITTING ROOM
Furniture
TABLE, NPS #2549; MML "Table #19." Mahogany tilt-top candle stand.
Belonged to HML, source unknown. This has always been at the
Wayside according to MML.
CHAIR, NPS #2012; MML "Chairs #15." Ladderback rocker. HML main-
tained a label on this chair which read "A Chair brought over
from England in 16 . . . ." This belonged to the Stone family.
It was inventoried in the sitting room in 1914. The woods of
this chair, oak, beech, ash, and maple, tend to indicate an
American, not an English, origin.
TABLE, NPS #2019; MML "Tables #8." MML purchased this from Miss Hough-
ton in 1933. She kept it in the sitting room.
CHAIR, NPS #2055; MML #17. Belonged to HML's family. "York" type,
bannister-back chairs popular in coastal Connecticut. Visible
in Illustration 20, c. 1888.
CHAIR, NPS #1688; MML "Chairs #20." Bow-back Windsor. MML believed
Julian Hawthorne bought this chair in Maine and left it at the
Wayside during the period when his sister, Rose H. Lathrop
owned the house. There is no documentation for this.
134
SITTING ROOM
DESK, NPS #2023; MML "Tables #23." This may have been in DL's store.
MML remembers seeing her mother write one of the Five Little
Peppers novels on it.
CHAIR, NPS #2724. Fan-back Windsor. Given to MMNHP by MML. No fur-
ther documentation.
TABLE, NPS #2029; MML "Tables #3." Mid-nineteenth-century Rococco-
revival table with green marble top. HML stated that the top
came from a quarry owned by her father, Sidney Mason Stone of
New Haven. MML found a newspaper account of a quarry near
Guilford, Connecticut, among HML's papers. The legs of this
table were chewed by a St. Bernard dog that MML owned as a
child. Visible in Illustrations 15, 20, 21, and 22.
CHAIR, NPS #2588; MML "Chairs #9." Wicker rocker. This was HML's
favorite chair, purchased about 1884 by the Lothrops. HML sat
in this chair, in this room, and devised the Five Little Peppers
stories .
SHELVES, NPS #2548. The shadow box, or shelving system, above the
40
fireplace was HML's design. She displayed her souvenirs here.
40. Interview, Carroll /MML, undated, transcription, MMNHP files
135
SITTING ROOM
Prints and Paintings
PRINT, NPS #2313. Colored photo. This was listed on the 1914 inven-
tory. The description on the photo is in Italian. Possibly
HML purchased it during a trip to Italy as she did a number of
other photos.
PRINTS, NPS #2227, NPS #2228. Angels. Mentioned on the 1914 and
1915 inventories.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2264. HML portrait taken about the time she founded
the CAR.
PRINT, NPS #2229. "Madonna and Child." HML brought this from Italy.
The print is probably from the painting by Fra Lippo Lippi.
PAINTING, NPS #2155. By Herman Heyer. An original painting of a
young girl made for an edition of HML's How They Grew Up .
PAINTING, NPS #2154. MML "Pictures #3." Watercolor by Kate Green-
away. DL purchased this from Kate Greenaway in 1880.
ADVERTISEMENT, NPS #2370. Printed advertisement for "A New Pepper
Book, for 1904, Five Little Peppers and Their Friends." This
ad, given to MMNHP by MML, bears a photo of Margaret Sidney.
136
SITTING ROOM
PAINTING, NPS #2149; MML #13. "White Mountains from N. Conway" by
Edwin C. Champruy. Oil. Miss Lothrop said that this came
from the D. Lothrop Co., and the frame is so marked. There
is another painting on the reverse side of the frame which
remained undiscovered until Elizabeth Jones of the Fogg Mu-
seum treated the work. Miss Lothrop knew nothing of the
second painting. Listed on the 1915 inventory.
PAINTING, NPS #2448; MML #41. Watercolor, signed "W . Andrews."
Listed on the 1915 inventory.
PHOTOGRAPHS, NPS #s 2349, 2350, 2351, 2353. Photographs of Wagner,
his home, his grave, and the opera house, all in the same
frame. HML brought these back from Europe in 1901 after she
heard "The Flying Dutchman" at the Opera House. The framed
photos hang in the sitting room over the green marble-topped
table against the north wall of the room (see Illustrations
21 and 22).
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2261; MML #17. "Lincoln Cathedral." HML brought
this from England. MML stated this photo "has been to the
left of the fireplace for many years." See Illustrations 21
and 22.
137
SITTING ROOM
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2282; MML #17. "St. Botolph's Church, Boston, Eng-
land." Visible in Illustrations 21 and 22, below "Lincoln
Cathedral," to the left of the fireplace. HML purchased this.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2244. HML's grandfather, Hervey Mulford, Esq., mer-
chant of New Haven.
PLAQUES, NPS #1752. "The Devil Looking Over Lincoln." NPS #1753,
"Lincoln Imp." These are steatite, or talc, bas reliefs, copy-
righted in 1905. HML purchased these in England. They are
renditions, made for the tourist trade, of garqoyles on the
Lincoln Cathedral .
PRINT, NPS #2150; MML "Picture #37." Etching of John Milton. HML
purchased this in England and hung it on the fireplace sur-
round beneath the sitting room mantel.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2328. "Damas, Arc de Triomphe." Probably purchased
by HML in the Middle East. It is listed on the 1914 and 1915
inventories of this room.
PRINT, NPS #2236. "Night Watch" by Rembrandt. This was given to
MMNHP by HML in 1965. MML notes that HML bought this from
Braun in Paris. It hung on the east wall of the sitting room
between the fireplace and the door.
138
SITTING ROOM
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2270. Bas relief or frieze. Dancers, with Italian
captions. Possibly purchased in Italy by HML.
PHOTOGRAPHS (THREE), NPS #2240; MML #149. Three photos in one frame
that HML brought from Europe. Listed on the 1914 and 1915 in-
ventories. Visible over the desk, south of the fireplace in
the 1922 photo, Illustration 21. The subject is the Baptistery
Doors in Florence.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2447; MML "Picture #115." Art Building at the Nash-
ville Exhibition. Now in the Piazza Room, the photo was located
in the sitting room in 1914 and 1915. Mrs. Lothrop gave a talk
at the Nashville Exhibition and brought this picture back with
her.
Ceramics and Glass
VASE, NPS #2597. Chinese export porcelain vase. Given to MMNHP by
MML. Possibly visible on shelves over mantel in Illustrations
20 and 21 .
GOBLETS, NPS #1628, NPS #1629. Copper lustre. Purchased by HML from
Ephraim Wales Bull. These are English dating to 1825-1830.
TEA CADDY, NPS #1631. Chinese export, Imari design. Part of a col-
lection given to HML's relatives, H and N Mulford.
139
SITTING ROOM
COFFEE CUP, NPS #1604 Chinese export, porcelain with neoclassical
SAUCER, NPS #1605
TEACUP, NPS #1606 designs. MML "China #27." Part of a set
that belonged to the Woodruff family. Vis-
ible in center section of shelves, in the
1888 photo (see also Illustration 20, 1898)
CHILD'S CUP, NPS #1630; MML "China #23." English copper lustre mug.
The name "Samuel" is written in lustre on one of the bends.
This belonged to Samuel Stone, a relation to HML through the
Stone Hooker line. Visible on top shelf over mantel, Illustra-
tions 20 and 21 .
CUP, NPS #1597
TEACUP, NPS #1602
BOWL, NPS #1599 All HNM monogram. HML's relatives (see
BOWL, NPS #1600
TEAPOT, NPS #1598 explanation, under the Dining Room above)
CREAM JUG, NPS #1595
SUGAR BOWL, NPS #1596
LID, NPS #1594
VASE, NPS #1661. Imari vase in shades of brown. Probably one of the
darker flowered vases seen in Illustration 15 (1898), and Il-
lustration 20 (1888). On shelves, over mantel.
CUP, NPS #1657, Examples of English, transfer-printed por-
"NORTH BRIDGE"
SAUCER, NPS #1658 celain made for H.L. Whitcomb, Concord,
"THE WAYSIDE"
Massachusetts for tourist consumption. On
shelves of sitting room.
140
SITTING ROOM
VASE, NPS #1633. Mi nature porcelain vase. HML used this as a pen
holder. She wrote in the sittina room.
BOTTLE, NPS #1695. Glass, with windmill for spinning inside. A
tourist item.
BOTTLE, NPS #1686. Blown-molded glass. Place in neck for stopper
which is missing.
CANDY DISH, NPS #1690. Molded nlass with etched floral design.
Etching and rim are qold-leafed.
GOBLET, NPS #1694. Molded glass with gold rim and decoration.
PERFUME BOTTLE, NPS #1695. Lead glass, without stopper. Nineteenth
century. Visible on shelves over mantel in Illustration 20
(1888); and 15 (1898).
CUP, NPS #1689. Blue glass, mold blown. Late nineteenth century.
Belonqed to HML.
GLASS, NPS #2599. Etched with "Wagner theatre" and building. Prob-
ably purchased as a souvenir by HML.
Textiles
DRAPES. Photographs from c. 1922 show portieres suspended from gold
rings and a brass rod across the doorways to the Hawthorne
141
SITTING ROOM
parlor. The park now uses reproductions of the original
(Illustration 22) .
GOLD FRAME WITH CLOTH, NPS #1847. Two framed pieces of cloth, sup-
posedly pieces of Martha Washington's wedding dress. This
belonged to HML.
CURTAINS. MML recalled that HML put "white curtains" at the windows
to prevent people from looking into the room. She does not
describe these further, but presumably they were somewhat
41
opaque.
RUG. Late nineteenth-century photos of this room show what appears
to be a red, domestic oriental carpet on the floor. The 1922
photo shows a Brussels carpet that HML purchased in 1899.
TABLE RUNNER, NPS #8350. A white cotton fringed scarf. Photographs
attest to HML's habit of decorating tables with scarves, and
even using double scarves on the same table toward the late
nineteenth century.
Fireplace Equipment
BRASS FIRE TONGS, NPS #2145. Fire tongs are visible in the 1898
photo of the room. It is doubtful that #2145 are the same
41. Carroll/MML interview, August, 1966, MMNHP files
142
SITTING ROOM
pair, but they did belong to the Lothrops who listed tongs
in their inventories.
HEARTH BROOM, NPS #8232. Possibly the broom visible in the 1888
photo.
POKER, NPS #2567; MML "Fireplace Equipment #14." MML noted this has
"always been in the house."
FIREPLACE SHOVEL, NPS #2569. A Lothrop family item.
ANDIRONS, NPS #1807, NPS #1809. Visible in the 1922 photo. The
Lothrops noted brass andirons on the 1915 inventory. #1807
and #1809 are identified by MML as "Bradley" andirons that
belonged to the Mulford family.
FIREPLACE FENDER, NPS #1811. In 1899, Mrs. Lothrop wrote her daugh-
ter that she had purchased new brass fenders for the sitting
room and dining room. Shown in Illustration 21 (1922), the
first post-1899 photograph. It remained in the sitting room
until removed by the park.
FIRESCREEN, NPS # 2039. A folding screen is visible in the 1898
photo. A larger screen, painted with a quotation and ever-
green boughs is also visible in the earlier photos and was
143
SITTING ROOM
painted by Rose Lathrop for HML. Quotation: "Fire Worships
--Mosses from an Old Manse/Beautiful it is to see the strength-
ening gleam, the deepening light that gradually cast distinct
shadows of the human figure, the table and high-backed chairs
upon the opposite wall, and at length, as twilight comes on,
replenishes with living radiance and makes life all rose color."
Lighting Devices
LAMP. "One large reading lamp/Glass cloth shade" is listed on the
1915 inventory. The lamp, NPS #2554, is now in the sitting
room. Illustration 15, made in 1898, shows two lamps in the
room, a large table lamp, and a hanging lamp suspended from a
hook in the ceiling beam over the table. Both are oil lamps.
Clocks
CLOCK, NPS #1583; MML "Clocks #5." Black marble mantel clock, possibly
French. Belonged to HML & DL. Illustration 21 shows this clock
on the table against the north wall.
EAST CHAMBER
Furniture
BED, NPS #2089; MML #3. MML believes her parents bought this when they
moved to the Wayside. It was Mr. & Mrs. Lothrops' bed and HML
144
EAST CHAMBER
continued to use if after DL's death. It always stood in their
room, the southeast bedroom (east chamber).
CHAIR, NPS #2546. The 1914 inventory lists a "large, black wooden
arm chair" in this room. #2546 is a rush-seated, slat-back
armchair, possibly the same one.
ROCKING CHAIR, NPS #2581; MML "Chairs #45." This wooden rocker with
cane seat and back has painted decoration on the crest rail.
MML believes Mrs. Hawthorne painted this chair. MML placed it
in this room in 1963.
BUREAU, NPS #2103; MML "Bureaus and Chests #5." MML believes that
HML purchased this from Ephraim Wales Bull. This is a bow
front, Federal chest of drawers, with inlaid bandinq around
the front edge of the top.
CHAIR, NPS #1976; MML "Chairs #30." "Hitchcock" type Windsor with
painted decoration on crest rail. MML placed it in this room,
but supplied no history on the piece.
CHAIR, NPS #2121; MML "Chairs #31." Similar, but not identical, to
NPS #1976. Two "red straight chairs" were listed on the 1914
inventory. These are not the same chairs.
145
EAST CHAMBER
CHEST OF DRAWERS, NPS #2697; MML #9. MML records that this walnut,
post-1876 chest "always stood in the northeast corner of the
Hawthorne bedroom in my childhood, and held my clothes. It
has a particular fascination for me, as it had happy child-
hood associations, but probably has no value."
Prints
STONE RUBBING, NPS #2787. This is a grave rubbing MML reports that
she made from Shakespeare's grave. It was in the dining room
in 1922 (see Illustration 23).
"WOMAN WITH MUFF," NPS #2212. This is listed in the 1914 and 1915
inventories. It is a print in brown tones. The frame is by
C.H. Dunton & Company, Boston.
PHOTOGRAPH, NPS #2248. Three birch trees with pastoral scene. This
was listed as "photo: two willow trees" in 1915, and as birches
in 1914. There is no other information about this picture.
PRINT, NPS #2789. Angel blowing a trumpet. Presently in the room; no
documentation. The 1915 inventory lists "2 small Fra Angelica
Angels." It does not list their media and perhaps this and
#2790 are the referants.
PRINT, NPS #2790. Angel blowing a trumpet. See #2789 above.
146
EAST CHAMBER
PHOTO OF EMERSON, NPS #2247; MML #91. A print made from an 1854
photograph. It is listed on the 1914 inventory. A picture
of Emerson is visible in Illustration 21 of the sitting room
(1922).
"LA VIERGE L'ENFANT JESUS ET ST. JEAN BAPTISTE," NPS #2119; MML "Pic-
tures #23." Print of painting by Bouquereau, published in
Berlin, 1879. MML's note on back: "Was hunq in MML's room
from her earliest years."
PRINT, NPS #9492. "Woman in a Vision." On bottom is written, "Copley
print--1901 ." Listed in this room on the 1915 inventory.
PHOTO, NPS #2288. "Si bi 11 a Cumana" in Sistine Chapel, painted by
Michelangelo. This and #2287 below were probably purchased by
HML on her trip abroad. Both were framed by Bigelow and Jor-
dan, Boston. One of these photos may be one listed on the
1915 inventory as "'0 sea and Sylilla 1 , small photo."
PHOTO, NPS #2287. "Sibilla Delphica" in the Sistine Chapel by Michel-
angelo.
"MADONNA WITH THE CHAIR," NPS #2119; MML #23. MML always kept this
picture over her bedroom mantel .
147
EAST CHAMBER
"PHOTO: WINDMILL IN HOLLAND." Listed on the 1914 inventory; no other
information survives.
"MADONNA & CHILD IN ROUND BLACK FRAME." Listed on the 1914 inventory;
no other information survives.
"PICTURE—SMALL BLUE DUTCH WINDMILL." Listed on the 1915 inventory,
and in 1914 as "Windmill." No other information survives.
Textiles
RUG, NPS #8094. A Persian style rug. In 1914, a red rug was listed;
in 1915, a "Large red rug (Persian pattern)/Small red rug (Per-
sian pattern)" were listed. Possibly, one is #8094.
HAT, NPS #8154. A black velvet, tri-cornered hat with white ostrich
feathers, labeled "R.H. Stearns & Co. Boston;" in a hat box
labeled "The White House, San Francisco;" written on the top
of the box, "Mrs. Lothrop's white hat with feathers." No docu-
mentation survives that this hat was kept in this room, other
than the empirical evidence that the Lothrops kept clothing at
the Wayside when they lived there.
"FOUR GREEN SHADES." Listed on the 1915 inventory. In 1914, the enu-
merator listed "four blue shades." The difference might be due
to individual color perception. Shades are missing.
148
EAST CHAMBER
"3 PAIRS CHINTZ CURTAINS." Listed in 1914. The park now uses re-
productions .
"CHINTZ BEDSPREAD TO MATCH." See above.
MATTRESS, NPS #10449. On bed. Listed in inventories.
SHEETS, NPS #10447, NPS #10448. In the room now. They are cotton
sheets that belonged to the Lothrops, and are not easily dat-
able.
Baskets
BASKET, NPS #2616. An unpainted wicker wastebasket. The 1915 in-
ventory lists a "white basket" which MML believed was a waste-
42
basket.
Mirrors
MIRROR, NPS #2110. A red mirror was listed in 1914; in 1915, it was
called a "plate glass mirror." Perhaps #2110 is the latter.
It is a mid-nineteenth-century mirror with a gilt edge. The
glass may be replaced.
Fireplace Equipment
FIREPLACE FENDER, NPS #1797. This is sheet brass over iron. MML says
42. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 97
149
EAST CHAMBER
the fender belonged to HML. In 1914 and 1915, a "brass fender:
pair brass andirons" were listed in this room. It is uncertain
whether this is the same fender.
BRASS ANDIRONS, NPS #8003, NPS #8004. It is not certain whether this
is the same set listed on the 1914 and 1915 inventories. They
were the Lothrops' possessions.
SHOVEL, NPS #2144. From the catalog description stating that the han-
dles twist off, it would appear that this shovel is a late
eighteenth-century piece. A "brass handled shovel" was listed
on the 1914 and 1915 inventories. Possibly this is the same
shovel .
BRASS TONGS, NPS #1794. Part of set that belonged to HML. MML did
not remember date or place of purchase.
POKER, NPS #2570. No documentation on acguisition. Given by MML.
STAND, NPS #1793. Part of a set purchased by HML.
150
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACF ROOM
Furniture
BED, NPS #1991
BUREAU, NPS #1990
COMMODE, NPS #1993
BED FRAME AND MATTRESS
SPRINGS, NPS #1992
Set of ash furniture purchased by HML and
DL when they purchased the Wayside in 1883.
The furniture has always been in this guest
room. The case pieces are distinguished by
their unusual drawer construction. The
drawer sides are scalloped to fit into the
scalloped front and back and each scallop
is secured with a Ja-inch dowel. The writer
has seen a similar bureau in a private Bos-
ton collection and feels the furniture may
be of local manufacture. The furniture is
in the reform style and dates to the last
quarter of the nineteenth century. See
Illustration 24.
WALL RACK WITH MIRROR, NPS #1989. Visible in Illustration 24. This
is a mahogany cabinet with towel rack and mirror. Japan in-
43
spired decoration, probably post-1876.
43. For an explanation of the pervasiveness of Japanese decoration,
see Dallas Furn, "Japan At The Centennial," Nineteenth Century , 2
(Autumn, 1976): 33-40
151
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM
HAT RACK, NPS #2113. Perhaps this is the "English clothes pole
(cherry)" listed on the 1914 and 1915 inventories.
ROCKING CHAIR, NPS #1981; MML "Chairs #44." Carved back and seat.
MML notes, "This is a rocker that goes with the grained bed-
room set which HML and DL bought when they moved to the Way-
side." (She refers to the ash bedroom set above as the
"grained" set.)
CHAIR, NPS #8438. The 1914 and 1915 inventories list this chair with
upholstered chintz pillows matching the curtains. Perhaps
#8438, now in the room, is the same chair.
TABLE, NPS #1987; MML "Tables #9." MML notes that her mother believed
this belonged to Mrs. Hawthorne. MML felt it belonged to Rose
Hawthorne Lathrop but could supply no documentation. The table
has always been in this room. It is a demilune, marble-topped
pier table dating to the mid-nineteenth century.
Mirrors
MIRROR, NPS #1988; MML "Mirror #1." Grained mirror bought by the
Lothrops when they purchased the house. This is a pier mirror,
8 feet high by 2 feet wide. MML notes that the demilune table
(#1987) has always stood in front of it.
152
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM
Textiles
PILLOWSLIPS, NPS #8395, NPS $8398. White muslin, embroidered with
DL's initials.
SLIPCOVER FOR BOLSTER, NPS #8500. Presented to the park by MML .
RUG, NPS #8081. A braided rug with a history of use in this room.
"3 PAIRS CHINTZ CURTAINS." Listed in the 1914 and 1915 inventories.
44
MML remembers them with red flowers on a white ground. Re-
productions are in use today.
"3 GREEN SHADES." Listed on the inventories.
Lighting Devices
HURRICANE LAMPS, NPS #2089, NPS #2099; MML "Candleholders #11." MML
associates these with her mother in her notes. The 1914 and
1915 inventories list "2 brass candlesticks with glass shades."
CANDLESTICK, NPS #1766; MML "Candleholders #8." This was given to
the Park Service by MML, although there is no record of its
use in this room during MML's lifetime. Electrified wall
sconces with glass shades were in this room since 1906.
44. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 128.
153
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM
Ceramics and Glass
TRAY, NPS #2778. European porcelain marked "Victoria-Austria."
The 1915 inventory lists a "China toilet tray." The tray
presently in the room may not be this tray.
WATER JUG, NPS #1977 Part of a toilet set. Probably English,
WASH BOWL, NPS #1978
SOAP DISH, NPS #1979 late nineteenth century. This belonged
to MML and is visible in Illustration 24
COLOGNE JAR AND COVER, NPS #2452. Given to the park by MML. Pre-
sumably it is from HML's occupancy.
Prints, Paintings
SKETCH, "POLLY PEPPER," NPS #2174. Charcoal, bearing HML note that
it is a resketch. Probably, this was drawn for a publication.
The frame dates to 1880.
"COLORED PICTURE, NUN LIGHTING CANDLES," NPS #2226; MML #125. Listed
on the 1914 and 1915 inventories of this room. MML notes this
was connected with D. Lothrop & Co.
PAINTING, NPS #2156. The 1914 inventory lists "Old Mill" by Edwin G.
Champney in this room.
154
LARGE BATHROOM
45
Bathtub, water closet, and lavatory are believed original. See
Illustration 25. In May 2, 1967 interview, MML recalled that "The
Old Bath Tub had a wooden flat top which covered the edge of the tin
46
tub."
Metals
WIRE SOAP DISH, NPS #10467. Mr. Lothrop kept a set of pulling weights
47
on the north wall bathroom. The original set is lost.
Furniture
WINDSOR CHAIR, NPS #2017. The chair carries a tradition of being in
Hawthorne's study at the Wayside. The exact date is not clear.
The chair is mid-nineteenth century; whether it was in the
house before 1924 is unknown.
CHEST, Possibly NPS #2696. MML recorded a large "black stained chest
of drawers" in the room on her 1935 inventory. In an interview
with Orville Carroll in 1966, she stated the chest had always
45. Interview, Carrol 1/MML, August 18, 1966, Draft p. 39 of transcrip-
tion, MMNHP files.
46. MMNHP files, "Interior Rooms." MML told Orville Carroll that the
Lothrops had a painted metal tub when she was a girl, Carrol 1/MML in-
terview, August 16, 1966, draft transcription, p. 22, MMNHP files.
47. MMNHP files.
155
LARGE BATHROOM
been in the bathroom. It had a history of belonging to the
Hawthornes. HML is believed to have purchased it from the
Lathrops in 1883.48
MIRROR; MML #6. Probably purchased by MML. This is still in the
bathroom, but apparently has no NPS number.
Texti les
GREEN WINDOW SHADE. Listed on 1914 inventory.
MAID'S ROOM
Furniture
IRON BED. Two were listed on the 1914 inventory. One, a twin-sized
bed, NPS #10466, is in the room. See Illustrations 26 and
27.
BUREAU. In 1914, 2 bureaus were in this room. One, a brown dress-
er, MML #11, was purchased by HML. NPS #2114 is in the room
now. This is MML #13, "Bureaus and Chests," pine, three-draw-
er chest painted green, with round walnut pulls. MML noted
that HML found this chest built into the house.
WASHSTAND, NPS #1980; MML #3. This was in the garage in 1931, and
is now in the Maid's Room. The 1914 inventory listed a brown
48. Ibid.
156
MAID'S ROOM
washstand in this room, but there is no further record of
the object.
SIDE CHAIR, NPS #2646. Cane seat; simulated black walnut finish.
Now in the Maid's Room.
TABLE, NPS #2196 ; MML "Tables" (p. 59, 1935), noted that this table
belongs to the grained set in the guest room. It was grained
to match the set brought by HML and DL for the Terrace Room.
Now in the Maid's Room.
ROCKING CHAIR, NPS #2440. Caned seat and back. MML "Chairs #41."
Now in the Maid's Room.
MIRROR, NPS #2134. Now in the Maid's Room.
Textiles
RUG. The 1914 inventory lists a large rug in this room. It is now
missing. NPS #8084 and NPS #8085, hooked rugs, no date, are
presently in the room.
CURTAINS. The 1914 inventory lists 2 curtains at the windows. MML
recalled light, or medium blue curtains but did not remember
the pattern.
"2 CURTAINS TO CLOTHES PRESSES." Four pairs of blue and white closet
curtains were used in 1914 to transform built-in shelves into
157
MAID'S ROOM
closets. These are missing.
MATTRESSES, NPS #10464. This is a tufted mattress with blue and
white ticking.
PILLOWS, NPS #9441, NPS #2093. Feather pillows.
SHEET, NPS #8506. Bears Lothrop laundry mark.
BEDSPREAD, NPS #10463. White with blue and pink stripes.
Prints
FRAMED PRINT OF GIRL IN WHITE DRESS, NPS #2214. MML, #1360, feels
this could be from D. Lothrop & Co.
FRAMED PRINT OF MAN AND WOMAN WALKING, NPS #2216; MML "Picture
#138."
FRAMED PRINT OF GIRL IN NEOCLASSICAL DRESS, NPS #2214.
158
SMALL BATHROOM
In an interview with Orville Carroll, MML stated that, to the best
of her knowledge, the bathtub, water closet, and lavatory were
original to the room. The room was converted to a bathroom by HML
around 1910. The only furnishing in this room is a wooden, three-
drawer chest, NPS #10462; MML "Bureaus and Chests, #11." The room
was never intended to be furnished (see Carroll, ADS) and no data
on furnishings from MML survives.
TOWER STUDY
Floor Covering
49
MML thinks a rug may have been on the floor. In Illustrations 28
(1898), 29 (c. 1902), and 30 (c. 1928), a rug is visible. In the
1902 stereoview, a small Brussels carpet is visible. A large "rug
with fringe" is visible in the 1898 and 1928 views. This appears
to be an oriental or a domestic oriental carpet. Illustration 31
is later than the 1898 photo. The large carpet has been removed
but "ghosts" from it are visible. The 1928 view shows the edge of
the carpet. The whereabouts of this carpet is unknown. The 1915
inventory lists "2 small blue rugs." They are missing.
49. Carrol 1/MML interview, August 19, 1966, transcription, Draft,
p. 54.
159
TOWER STUDY
Furniture
TABLE, NPS #2014; MML #20. This is a mahogany Pembroke table which
the Misses Lothrop believe belonged to Julian Hawthorne be-
cause Mr. Hawthorne lived in the Caribbean and the table is
made of Honduras Mahogany. In fact, Caribbean mahogany was
imported into the colonies regularly. The table was in the
house when the Lothrops purchased it. Illustration 28 places
50
the table in this room as early as 1898.
BOOKCASE, WARDROBE, NPS #2208. A large, walnut-stained wardrobe
used as a bookcase. MML also noted that, according to Julian
Hawthorne, his father kept books in the built-in closets seen
51
in Illustration 30.
CHAIR, NPS #2000; MML "Chairs #13." Red paint. MML believes this
chair was in the Wayside when her parents bought it. It may
be the same red Windsor chair listed on the 1915 kitchen in-
ventory. A Windsor chair is pictured in Illustration 28
(1898).
50. MML interview, 1965-66, transcript, p. 40, MMNHP files, "Inte-
rior Rooms, Tower Study."
51. Ibid., p. 42.
160
TOWER STUDY
CHAIR, NPS: MML "Chairs #21." MML notes that she bought this Wind-
sor chair. She does not date the purchase. Possibly it was
acquired after 1924. All photos of the Tower Study show one
chair which, judging from its turnings, was placed in differ-
ent areas of the room.
TABLE, NPS #2016; MML "Tables #6A." MML seems to have attributed
the same Hawthorne provenance to two different tables, or the
park has given the same two numbers, #2014 and #2016.
PEDESTAL, NPS #2209. This is a pine pedestal (painted green) which
was used to support a bust. It is described in the 1914 in-
ventory as "1 green standard for Bust."
BOOKCASE, NPS #2204; MML #16. This revolving bookcase belonged to
Mr. and Mrs. Lothrop. It was in the tower in 1935.
Sculpture
BUST, NPS #2306; MML "Picture #107." Pestalozzi. According to MML,
this belonged to Bronson Alcott and was kept in his temple
school of philosophy. Possibly, HML brought it to the Way-
side when she acquired the Orchard House. The bust is mark-
ed with Pestalozzi 's name on the front of the base.
BUST, NPS #2571; MML "Picture #152." Benjamin Franklin. Origin
uncertain.
161
TOWER STUDY
BUST, NPS #1986; MML "Pictures #151." Charles Sumner in classic
dress. RDR speculates that the Sumner and Franklin busts
may have belonged to Lothrop's publishing firm because they
appear in an old photo taken before the purchase of Orchard
52
House. Ronsheim identifies Sumner on the basis of the
1915 inventory and the bust's resemblance to pictures of
Sumner. He notes that Hawthorne and Sumner were friends
despite their differences on slavery.
BUST, NPS #2301; MML "Picture #108." This Plato has a beard; but
his name is on the back of the bust. MML thinks that her
mother may have acquired this with the Orchard House. Al-
cott admired Plato.
BUST, NPS #2300; MML "Picture #109." MML believes this came from
the School of Philosophy.
Prints
PRINT, NPS #2100; MML "Picture #84." Lithograph of Hawthorne,
signed "H . Baker Del." and printed by "Armstrong & Co. Lith,
Boston, Copyright Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. 1883." This be-
longed to MML. Originally, a newspaper in the back of the
52. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 136
162
TOWER STUDY
frame was marked, "Boston Evening Transcript, August 21,
1894." This is visible over the mantel in Illustrations 28,
31, and on the wall of the stair-tower in Illustration 32.
CERTIFICATE, NPS #2206; MML "Picture #103." In 1915, this hung in
the Tower Study. It is presently in the Old Room.
Photographs of the Tower Study supply additional information on
placement of objects in the room. Illustration 28 taken in 1898
shows interior louvered shutters or "blinds" as New Englanders call
them. A hanging bookshelf is visible on the west wall. A hanging
lamp appears in the upper foreground, and matching astral lamps with
glass pendants adorn the mantel. In Illustrations 29 and 33 of the
west wall, two framed prints are leaning against the mantel and a
large card with legible label copy is leaning against the wall.
Above the card, an illustration of what appears to be Hester Prynne
knocking on a door is tacked to the wall. The right edge of the paper
is ragged as if it were torn from a book, probably an edition of The
Scarlet Letter . Finally, illustrations show that HML associated
evergreen boughs with historical interpretation. This is very
revealing about her view of the property as a historic shrine.
163
UNA'S ROOM
Furniture
BED, NPS #2067;
MML #1
BUREAU, NPS #2069;
MML #1
COMMODE, NPS #2068;
MML #1
WASHSTAND, NPS #2070
MML #2
All part of a mid-nineteenth-century neo-
Grec bedroom suite. Labeled, "Paine's
Furniture Manufactory 141, 143, 145, 147,
149, 151, 153, and 155 Friend Street and
48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, and 62 Canal
Street, Boston, Mass ./U.S.A." The set is
walnut and poplar with applied burl veneer
designs. MML believes the set is from
DL's first marriage. The large size of
the furniture limits placement in the
room. The present arrangement matches
that seen in Illustration 34, made about
1888. The upholstered box spring is at-
tached to the bed.
ROCKER, NPS #2056; MML "Chairs #28." Walnut, upholstered rocker.
MML recalled that this rocker had always been in the house.
Fabric for the upholstery was given to MML by a friend in
California about 1930.
CHAIR, NPS #2565; MML "Chairs #32." Bird cage Windsor, late eigh-
teenth or early nineteenth century. MML notes that this was
164
UNA'S ROOM
Ezra Ripley's chair and that HML had his name burned into
the back of the seat. The 1888 photo (Illustration 34)
shows a bow back Windsor in the room.
TOWEL RACK, NPS #2695. Mid- to late nineteenth century. A "white
English clothes pole" was listed in the 1914 inventory. This
is missing today.
WICKER ROCKER. The 1898 photo shows a wicker rocker. This is now
in the piazza room on the first floor. Rocker #2056 takes
its place. We should remember that the rooms were "arranged"
for the Cousins' photographs and that the Windsor chair and
the rocker might not have been in this room at all times.
Paintings, Prints
"MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS," NPS #2233. Print brought from England by
HML. This was listed in this room in an undated, post-1924
inventory.
"GIRL WITH FLOWERS," NPS #2053; MML "Picture #10." "He loves me a
little," by August Heckel , published by Col ton, Zalen, and
Roberts. MML thinks that her father bought this. It was
over the mantel in the 1888 photo.
"CHARMING KATE," NPS #2182; MML "Pictures #7." Listed in the 1914
inventory. This is a chromolithograph.
165
UNA'S ROOM
"GIRLS ON STAIRCASE," NPS #2220. Black and white photograph. Prob-
ably the "Maiden's Stairway" listed on the 1914 inventory.
It is a photo of a Burne-Jones print titled "Stairway of
Life. " No MML number.
"AVE MARIA," NPS #2299. This is Delia Robbia's "Annuciation," that
was inventoried in 1914.
"UNA HAWTHORNE." Copy of oil portrait. Presently located over the
mantel. There is no historical precedent for its placement.
This was Miss Hawthorne's bedroom when she lived here (see
Illustration 35, believed post-1924).
Textiles
MATTRESS, NPS #8522. A patchwork quilt presented to the Wayside by
MML. The 1898 photo shows a quilted comforter folded at the
foot of the bed.
PILLOW SLIPS, NPS #9440, NPS #9442. Embroidered "DL" and "HML" on
edges. The 1915 inventory lists "2 pair show pillows/4 white
cotton cases for same." These would be the large bolsters
displayed in the 1898 photograph.
TOWELS, NPS #s 2475, 8381, 8333. MML believes the decorations on
#2475 are associated with Ellen Emerson. No references to
the other towels survive.
166
UNA'S ROOM
BEDSPREAD. There is presently a white, trapunto bedspread on the
bed. The 1898 photo does not clearly show the bed cover-
ing. The bedspread belongs to MML.
"2 RUG-LIKE CARPETS," "BODY BRUSSELS CARPET." "In 1899, Mrs. Loth-
rop put a Body Brussels carpet, blue and white with a border,
in this room. It was still there in 1915 along with rugs.
The undated inventory lists blue rugs. It was not there in
1928, perhaps because of the 1922 floor and the age of the
carpet, although this room, the best guest room, would have
received little use. The Body Brussels Carpet is now gone;"
the 2 rugs are also missing. Two braided rugs (modern) are
53
in the room now.
SHEET, NPS #8513. Received from MML. Age undetermined.
CURTAINS, NPS #s 10416, 10417, 10418. These are white, sheer cur-
tains which MML presented with the house. In 1914, "3 pairs
Muslin curtains" were at the windows. The 1888 photo shows
lightweight curtains at the windows with deep, printed val-
ances and matching drapes over the closet. A reproduction,
Schumacher fabric is used for the closet drapes now. The
original Persian chintz portieres are missing.
53. Ibid., p. 114.
167
UNA'S ROOM
"TWO WHITE SHADES/3 BLUE SHADES." Listed in the 1914 inventory; now
missing. HML brought fabric from Liberty's of London which
she had made into a set of curtains around 1900-1910. The
present reproductions attempt to match the fabric.
"1 LONG DUTCH BLUE MANTEL COVERING FROM HOLLAND. "/"I DUTCH BLUE
TABLE COVER ON COMMODE." These are listed on the 1914 inventory.
They are now missing. A table cover with a lace edge is
visible on the commode in the Cousins' photograph (Illustra-
tion 34). A mantel cover is visible in the same photo.
Lighting Devices
CANDLESTICK, IMPS #1767, NPS #1768; MML #2. Marked "382 James Dixon &
Sons 53." MML feels the sticks are old. They date to about
1850. HML purchased them in England.
Clocks
CLOCK, NPS #1582; MML "Clocks #3." Marked "Ansonia Clock Co., An-
sonia, Conn. Patented, June 14, 1881." MML believes that her
parents purchased the clock before they bought the Wayside.
Baskets
BASKET, NPS #8150. A small, wicker basket. There is a small straw
basket on the mantel in Illustration 34; #8150 might not be the
same basket in the photograph.
168
UNA'S ROOM
Metals
VASE, NPS #2777. A small enameled tin-vase. Visible on the mantel
in Illustration 35.
Ceramics & Glass
"LARGE BLUE CHINESE ENAMELED VASE;" "PALE BLUE VASE." These are
listed on the 1914 inventory. They are also visible in the
1898 photo of the room. They appear to date to the last
quarter of the nineteenth century. Both are missing.
"2 SMALL BRASS MIRRORS ON THE WALL;" MML "Mirrors #10 & 11." These
were sconces that HML purchased abroad. They are missing.
PERFUME BOTTLES, NPS #1683, NPS #1684. These are cut glass with
qlass stoppers. Cataloger Cordelia Snow attributes them to
the nineteenth-century French firm, Baccarat. They belonged
to the Lothrops .
WASH SET: SOAP DISH, NPS #2774; SLOP JAR, NPS #2775; CHAMBER POT,
NPS #2776; MML #11. English, blue, and white set. MML recalled it
in the Wayside in Una's room since her childhood.
Other accessories are visible in the 1888 photograph (Illustration
34). A "library calendar" is listed on the 1914 inventory, and is
seen above the chair rail, decorated with a ribbon. Two elaborate
169
UNA'S ROOM
pillow shams are hung from a rod on the bed. There is no additional
record of these. The brass and wood curtain rods in this picture
54
belonged to HML.
UPPER FRONT HALL
Paintings, Prints
"PILGRIMS SIGNING THE COMPACT," NPS #2087; MML "Picture #40." Eng-
graving made in 1914. Listed on the 1915 inventory as "Large
engraving of the Mayflower." Hanging from ceiling cove mold-
ing, at the top of the main stairs.
CERTIFICATE, NPS #2237; MML #157. DL's membership in the Bostonian
Society. Listed on the 1914 and 1915 inventories. The news-
papers used in framing date to October, 1889. Hanging from
the ceiling cove molding over the northeast passage doorway.
"WATERCOLOR OF THE HOUSE," NPS #2201. By Mrs. Isaac (A.J.) Fenno,
dated 1891. The "Fennos were close friend of the Lothrops.
He was one of the leading men's clothing manufacturers in
Boston." They lived in Roxbury and there was much visiting
54. Carrol 1 /MML interview, August 15, 1966, typescript, MMNHP
files, n.p.
170
UPPER FRONT HALL
and writing back and forth. 55 Hanging from the ceiling
cove molding over the Hawthorne bedroom doorway.
PRINT, NPS #2445; MML "Pictures, #139." "Milton in his blindness."
Engraving, by Edmund Garrett for one of DL's magazines. In-
ventoried in 1914.
"2 PRINTED CARDBOARDS (HAWTHORNE'S AND UNA'S ROOM)." Inventoried in
1915. The original signs are now missing. They were probably
attached to the doorways of the rooms.
Furniture
CHAIR, NPS 2202; MML "Chair #12." MML notes that this chair belonged
to Ephraim Wales Bull, hybridizer of the Concord grape, from
whom HML purchased it. MML recalled Mr. Bull seated in the
chair in front of his house. She placed the chair in the up-
per front hall. Mr. Bull's name is carved into the crest rail
of this Windsor chair.
Clocks
CLOCK. Illustration 36, made about 1888, shows an office clock above
the doorway in the Hawthorne bedroom. The clock is marked "D.
Lothrop Co." Its present whereabouts are unknown.
55. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 123,
171
UPPER FRONT HALL
Floor Covering
Same green carpeting described above under "Lower Front Hall."
Lighting Devices
HANGING LANTERN. Electrified, at the top of the main stairs. This
was installed around 1906 when the house was electrified.
MML stated that lighting was designed by the Boston firm
of Bigelow and Jordan (see above, "Lower Front Hall").
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
Furniture
CHEST, NPS #2111; MML "Beds and Chests #17." Probably the "mahog-
any colonial bureau and a mahogany colonial mirror and
stand" listed in 1914. It does consist of two pieces: a
four-drawer swell -front Federal bureau and a small stand
which sits on it. The stand has a mirror.
ROCKING CHAIR, NPS #2096. A carved-back-and-seat rockinq chair is
presently in the room. In 1915, a "white wicker rockinq
chair" was listed on the inventory. That chair's where-
abouts is unknown. MML later believed that her mother put
56
it in Grapevine Cottage.
56. Ibid., p. 87
172
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
DESK, NPS #2097; MML "Desks #2." MML notes that "this desk was in
the Concord jail." Circumstances of its acquisition are un-
known.
SHAVING TABLE, NPS #2109; MML "Bureaus and Chests #6." MML believed
that her mother purchased this from Rose Lathrop. This may
be true. The Concord Antiquarian Society owns a matching
chest of drawers (#F-924). A Mrs. Kelly gave the piece to
the Society in the early 1950s and indicated that she had
purchased it at a "Hawthorne sale." No documentation about
this sale remains. A similar chest of drawers, photographed
in a Salem house in the late nineteenth century, is pictured
in Newton W. Elwell, Colonial Furniture and Interiors (Boston:
George H. Polley & Co., 1896). The shaving table is probably
a Salem piece and certainly dates to the early nineteenth
57
century. It definitely could have belonged to the Hawthornes.
HIGH CHEST, NPS #1808; MML "Bureaus and Chests #15." Documentation
on this chest is missing. It is a Queen Anne hi qh chest dat-
ing from the early eighteenth century. MML gave it to the
park in 1965.
57. The Elwell book is located in the Rare Books - Fine Arts Depart-
ment of the Boston Public Library. I was unable to take a copy photo
of the Salem Bureau.
173
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
"WHITE BEDSTEAD IRON WITH BRASS TRIMMINGS." This bed is in the
maid's room now. MML purchased a sleigh bed in Califor-
nia in 1934 and it is in this room now (NPS #2115).
Lighting Devices
BRASS CANDLESTICKS, NPS #1763, NPS #1764; MML "Candleholders #11
and #12." Belonged to HML. A pair of brass candlesticks
was listed on the 1915 inventory.
"RED CANDLESTICK WITH GLASS SHADE." This was listed in 1914. Miss
Lothrop had no recollection of it. It is not at the Dark
58
now.
CANDLESTICKS, NPS #2123, NPS #2124; MML "Candleholders #7." Tin
candlesticks, painted green, with clear glass globes. These
belonged to the Lothrops. There is no record of their place-
ment in this room.
Fireplace Equipment
FIREPLACE FENDER, NPS #2105; MML #8. A "brass topped fender" is
listed in the 1914 and 1915 inventories.
58. Ronsheim, "Historic Furnishings," p. 81
174
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
ANDIRONS, NPS #2105, NPS #2106. Brass andirons are listed in the
1914 and 1915 inventories. MML remembers these from her
childhood.
FIREPLACE SHOVEL, NPS #1792. Purchased by HML; MML not certain of
date or source.
FIREPLACE TONGS, NPS #1791 Now in the room; date and place of
POKER, NPS #9463
BRASS STAND, NPS #1790 purchase unknown. This poker, the
tonqs, and the brass stand approximate
the "brass stands with brass tongs &
brass poker" listed on the 1914 and
1915 inventories. A "little hearth
brush" was also 1 isted.
Mirrors
MIRROR, NPS #2686. A "plate glass mirror in black walnut frame" was
listed in 1915.
SHAVING MIRROR, NPS #2106. Visible in Illustration 37. Listed in
the early inventories on the bureau.
Ceramics
VASES, NPS #1634, NPS #1635. Hand painted by a friend of HML who
received them for a wedding present in 1881. They are copies
of Frankenthal porcelain, according to cataloger Cordelia Snow,
175
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
PORTIERE, NPS #8457. A "Chintz curtain for closet" was listed on
the 1914 and 1915 inventories. NPS #8457 is old, but not
59
the same one listed on the inventories.
PILLOW SLIPS, NPS #s 8391, 8395, 8398. White muslin embroidered
with DL's initials.
BRAIDED RUG, NPS #8072. No history on this piece. Given to MMNHP
by MML.
MATTRESS, NPS #2116. For the bed. Probably not the same mattress
listed on the 1915 inventory. This fits the larqer, sleiqh
bed in the room. It belonged to MML.
"3 PAIRS CHINTZ CURTAINS." Listed on the early inventories. MML
recalls seeing two pairs of curtains with deep valances.
60
She may have considered the valances a pair of curtains.
"CHINTZ CUSHION TO MATCH FOR OTTOMAN." In 1914, this was merely
described as a cushion. There is no other information on
it. The ottoman is missing.
"PIECE OF CHINTZ (FOR TOILET TABLE) TO MATCH." This is missing,
but the chintz decoration reveals HML's taste.
59. Ibid., pp. 82-83
60. Ibid., p. 82.
176
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
Prints, Paintings
PRINT, NPS #2221. "Girls on Hill." Unsigned chromolithograph MML
associated with her father's office. She remembered seeing
it in the house when she was young. Listed in this room on
the early inventories.
PRINT, NPS #2256. "Captive Andromache." Steel engraving by C.
Roberts, Jr. Inventoried in this room in 1915. Miss Lothrop
wrote that it has been in the house for many years, and
thought that it might have been connected with the Lothrop
Publishing Company.
PRINT, NPS #2231. "A Morning in the Tropics." Engraving by S.R.
Hunt, after the painting by F.E. Church. Listed on the early
inventories of this room.
"3 PHOTOS IN ONE FRAME:" "Descent from Cross, Assumption, etc."
This was also listed in 1914. The item is missing. It does
not appear in any photograph.
PRINT, NPS #2213. "Erasmus" after Holbein's portrait. This belonged
to the Lothrops ; there is no historical documentation for its
location in this room.
PHOTO. "Communion of St. Jerome." This was listed on the early in-
ventories, but there is no description, and the park does not
own it.
177
RECOMMENDED FURNISHINGS
Introduction
The following is a list of recommended furnishings for the Wayside.
The list is arranged room-by-room, alphabetically, first and then
second floors. Many of the recommended items are already part of
the park's collection and are exhibited in their historical loca-
tions. Where this is the case, justifications for their inclusion
are found in the previous section, "Evidence of Original Furnishings.
Items recommended for acquisition are also documented in the previous
section.
A word is necessary here about the Lothrops ' furnishings and sources
for new acquisitions. The Wayside was obviously furnished as a sum-
mer home. Very few of the items in it were high style. Most of the
art is what we would term "souvenir art" today. That is, the ob-
jects were purchased by HML on her many trips abroad and displayed
in the home for their sentimental or evocative value. Replacements
for these objects are not found in fine antique stores. Thrift
shops, flea markets, and second-hand stores are the most likely
source for the ephemera that once decorated the Wayside. In recre-
ating the historic scene, one must avoid rendering the Wayside finer
than it was. The Lothrops clearly valued an intellectual above a
material plane of life. This is what the house should convey to
the visitor.
178
All drawings were originally done by Orville W. Carroll in 1967.
Except where they were modified to reflect new information, this
author has traced Carroll 's drawings for this report.
Before concluding this introduction, the photographic documents
of the Wayside pictorially should be mentioned. The large number
of documentary photographs is unusual and a blessing to historians,
but they must be used with caution. First, it is obvious that the
photographer, the owner, or both, manipulated the scenes. That
is, they moved objects about for the sake of pictorial composition.
We may see the same chair in one room, and again in another. I be-
lieve that this was done in some cases to assure that certain items
would be within the camera's line of vision; in other cases, to
maximize the Wayside's furnishings.
We cannot document much of the furnishings and accessories to spe-
cific rooms. In addition to the manipulated photographs, HML oc-
cupied the house for more than thirty years and during those years,
furnishings were moved within a room and from room to room. The
photographs do tell us what objects the Lothrops considered appro-
priate for various types of rooms. For example, architectural
photographs were placed in public rooms. The photographs also
indicate a state of "clutter" in the Victorian sense.
179
BAY WINDOW ROOM
Jorth Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2312 PHOTOGRAPH. "Madonna di Foligno."
2286 PHOTOGRAPH. "Fondheim Cathedral ."
2034 MARBLE-TOPPED TABLE. Place in front of radiator. Table
should be covered with a floor-length piece of repro-
duced portiere fabric (as in Illustration 4) and flowers
(in season) placed on it.
2563 BRASS AND COPPER PITCHER FOR FLOWERS. To preserve the
pitcher, dried flowers should be substituted for sea-
sonal, garden flowers.
East Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2242 PHOTOGRAPH. "Sistine Chapel . "
ELECTRIFIED WALL SCONCE. Original.
2018 SECRETARY.
South Wall
NPS CAT. NO
REPRODUCTION WINDOW SHADES (3).
10408- CURTAINS. Reproductions after originals in Illustra-
10410 tion 4.
REPRODUCTION WOODEN BRACKETS (2). Install between
windows in the bay.
TWO HANGING PLANTS. Hang one from each bracket as HML
did. Boston ferns would do well. Bracket marks are
visible on the upper right section of window molding
in Illustration 4.
180
BAY WINDOW ROOM
West Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
TELEPHONE. Period substitute for original crank phone
that was mounted on the wall (Illustration 3). Source
Phone Center Store. Cost: $45.
PHOTOS AND LABEL COPY. The 1937 photo of this room
shows photos and label copy thumbtacked to the west
wall above the bookcase. This includes:
Nathaniel Hawthorne as a young man. Beneath it is a
small typescript sign that reads "EXTRA COPIES/FOR/SALE/
FIVE CENTS." To the right are copies of the Matthew
Brady portrait of Hawthorne and one other portrait taken
when he was an older man (undoubtedly, post-1860). Label
copy to the right identifies the portraits. Below them
is a framed engraving of Everet Duycknick, Hawthorne's
early publisher in The Literary World . To the right
(not visible in the photograph), label copy indicates
there is a photostat copy of a letter from Hawthorne to
Duycknick, written from the Wayside. Lists of books
written by Margaret Sidney for sale at the Wayside are
thumbtacked to the edges of the first and second shelves
of the bookcase. Prices for the books are also listed.
2032 BOOKCASE. See MML's notes
DRINKING GLASS. As a final touch, a glass containing
lilies of the valley (in season) might be added.
Center of Room
NPS CAT.
SMALL BRAIDED RUG. An approximation of the rug seen in
the 1922 photograph. Because of visitor traffic, an in-
expensive, easily-replaced reproduction is recommended.
See Sears' rugs. Cost: About $60.
181
BAY WINDOW ROOM
The Bay Window Room can be arranged to show how the Lothrops lived and
how MML interpreted the Wayside to visitors after HML's death. This
is very much a part of the house's story.
Estimated Cost, Bay Window Room : $105.
DINING ROOM
The Lothrops ate their meals in this room. Not only family members,
but guests were present. A maid served the meals and, after Mr.
Lothrop's death, Mrs. Lothrop sat at the head of the table.
Mrs. Lothrop believed that Nathaniel Hawthorne also used this room
as his dining room. This notion was wrong (see p. 56 for documenta-
tion). Because we are interpreting the Lothrop occupancy, however,
the room should include furnishings that indicate Mrs. Lothrop's
views, even when those views were later proven wrong.
It is obvious from surviving photographs that there was no single
arrangement of objects displayed on furniture in the dining room
during the Lothrop occupancy. What is listed here is a suggested
arrangement which can be varied with objects in the closet from time
to time.
North Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
SIGN. Replication of one in the home in 1922 (Illustra-
tion 8) that reads, "This was Hawthorne's Dining Room
182
DINING ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
until Julian was at Harvard College when it was given
to him. Hawthorne speaks of it as the 'room where the
sunshine lingers lovinaly the best part of a winter
day'." The curator can make this sign for about 50<t.
It should be tacked to the wall as in the illustration
and replaced when it shows signs of wear.
1639 CREAMWARE PLATTER. Affixed to the wall, below sign,
with plate hooks.
ELECTRIFIED WALL SCONCE. Original to room.
1640 CREAMWARE, "SAXON CHINA," PLATE. Hung on wall with
picture wire from picture molding as in Illustration 8,
1638 CREAMWARE "SAXON CHINA" SOUP PLATE. Hanging on wall
from plate hooks .
1646 FAIENCE PLATE. With St. Malo. Hanging on wall from a
visible hook with picture wire as in Illustration 8.
2001 TABLE AND CLOTH. MML believed that her mother would
have kept a cloth over table #2001 to cover its marred
surface. If the park collection does not have a suit-
able tablecloth or runner, purchase a plain white linen
cloth large enough to cover the table when it is folded,
Cost: $20. Source: Linens section of any large de-
partment store.
1830 BREAD AND CHEESE TRAY. On top of covered table
2009 DESK AND BOOKCASE, UPPER PORTION. Used as a sideboard,
Set diagonally in northeast corner.
1635 DELFT PLATTER. On top of sideboard,
183
DINING ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
1603 CHINESE EXPORT PLATE. With "HNM" monogram (of HML's
relatives, Henry and Nancy Mulford), c. 1830, on top of
sideboard.
East Wall
NPS CAT. NO,
2054 CHROMOLITHOGRAPH. Framed, hanging from the picture
molding in the nineteenth-century manner.
ELECTRIFIED WALL SCONCE. Part of set in room.
1663 PLATE. Austrian, hanging on wall from plate hooks.
2556 CHROMOLITHOGRAPH. "Asking A Blessing," framed hanging
as #2054.
2006 TABLE. Set diagonally in southeast corner. Cut flow-
ers from the Wayside's gardens can be placed on top of
this table when in season. Place flowers in a small,
reproduction soft paste vase.
South Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
1737 "CAMBRIDGE COAT OF ARMS." Hanging on wall.
1738 "OXFORD COAT OF ARMS." Hanging on wall directly below
#1737.
ELECTRIFIED WALL SCONCE. Original to room.
174/ PEWTER PLATE. Hanging below the wall sconce.
184
DINING ROOM
Windows
NPS CAT. NO.
10384-5 CURTAINS. Two pairs, white gauze. Given to the park
by MML. SHADES. Red, on each window. These are pres-
ently in place. Window hangings will fade and sun rot
in time. Those presented to the park by MML should be
used as records for securing replacements.
West Wall
NPS CAT.
ELECTRIFIED WALL SCONCES. Original to room.
2225 PRINT. "Philon," hanging below sconce.
CLOSET. Containing ceramics. See pp. 71-74 for com-
plete list of ceramics and glassware in closet.
PORTIERE. Suspended from brass rod across the cup-
board. Reproduction in park's collection after Art
Nouveau hanging.
Over Mantel
NPS CAT. NO.
PINE BOUGHS. For special occasions pine boughs should
be placed here. HML saw pine boughs as important to
historic interpretation of the house (see Illustration
9).
2787 STONE RUBBING. Framed, hung from picture molding. May
alternate with pine boughs (see Illustration 23).
On Mantel
NPS CAT. NO.
1771-2 CANDLESTICKS,
185
DINING ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
8239-40 BOBECHE. Pair on either end of mantel.
2451 MUG. With Lord Baden Powell's portrait on it.
HORSESHOE. Nailed to mantel as MML remembered it.
Fireplace Equipment
NPS CAT. NO.
1793 BRASS STAND. To hold equipment.
1801 SHOVEL.
1810 FENDER.
1805-6 ANDIRONS. Pair.
WOOD. In fireplace. The Lothrops used their fire-
places. Wood should be kept in them to demonstrate
this. The park can supply its own wood at no cost.
2356 MANUSCRIPT of America. Framed. Hang from picture
molding N.B. This and all of the works on paper in
house should be reframed with archival mat boards and
UF-2 plexiglas to preserve the objects. (See Caroline
Keek's Curatorial Care of Works of Art on Paper for
arc hi val matting and framing instructions.)
8429 SIDE CHAIR.
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO.
2007 DINING TABLE. Leaf set in.
1671 FLOWER POT or FERN DISH.
1736 TIN CONTAINER. In center of table. (Alternate between
pine boughs and cut flowers as a centerpiece.)
186
DINING ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
2002 SIDE CHAIR.
2003 SIDE CHAIR.
2051 DESK CHAIR. At head of table.
RUG. Below table. Photos indicate that the Lothrops
changed their rugs in the dining room. The present area
rug was donated by MML and is suitable.
Estimated Cost, Dining Room : $20.
KITCHEN
The Lothrops used this room for food storage and preparation, and as a
laundry, for which tasks help was employed. This room should reflect
those activities. The kitchen is primarily an indication of the hired
help.
Lighting
NPS CAT. NO.
ELECTRIC LIGHTS. Placed in this room by HML. The bare
bulbs should remain exactly as they are (see p. 78).
Floor Covering
The present floor covering is an appropriate reproduction of the
original linoleum.
North Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
10375 WINDOW CURTAIN. Adapted after "2 pairs Khaki Window
curtains" listed by HML.
187
KITCHEN
NPS CAT.
10350
10350
8421
WINDOW SHADE. Left in the Wayside by MML.
TOWEL BAR. Wooden. Original to the house.
TOWEL HOLDER AND ROLLER. Wooden.
DISH CLOTH. Reproduction.
DISH CLOTH. Reproduction.
HAND TOWEL. On roller, presented by MML. When a
replacement is needed, toweling is available at most
large department stores. All cotton or linen is
preferable to blends.
East Wall
A sink and laundry tub with drain board top are built into this wall.
NPS CAT. NO.
WINDOW SHADE. Presented to the Wayside by MML.
8562 DISH PAN. Enamel.
2715
DISH RACK.
Wire.
1643
BOWL.
1644
PLATE.
1652
BOWL.
2465
PLATE.
DISH MOP.
See Sears
See Sears , 1902, p. 572 for example. These
are small "mops" on a short wooden handle for cleaning
dishes. They are still available in five and ten cent
stores for under $2.
SINK SCRAPERS. Two. Flat wooden sticks for cleaning
sinks. Reproductions could be made; or, a birch
stirring paddle (available in housewares departments of
department stores) could be substituted.
188
KITCHEN
NPS CAT. NO.
2441
WINDOW SHADE. Presented to the Wayside by MML.
WINDOW CURTAIN. Adaptation after description of HML
ROCKING CHAIR.
On Built-in Wall Shelf
NPS CAT. NO.
10391 GLASS JAR.
8163 CERAMIC PITCHER.
2199 TIN TRAY. Black.
On Floor Beneath Shelf
NPS CAT. NO.
2743
CLOTHES BOILER.
ICE CREAM FREEZER. See Sears , 1902 catalog for two
models. These can be located in antique shops or
second-hand shops. Their approximate cost varies; but
expect to pay about $75. for one in good, although not
necessarily usable, condition.
South Wall— On Built-in Wall Shelf
NPS CAT.
NO.
8157
CROCK.
1730
TIN TRAY. Black.
2769
CERAMIC PITCHER.
10345
SIGN. "Ice and Oil. 1
10346
ICEBOX.
189
KITCHEN
NPS CAT. NO.
STONEWARE JUGS (PITCHERS). Three. For molasses and
vinegar — early twentieth-century stoneware is available
in second-hand stores. Expect to pay about $15. each.
Cover the mouths of the jugs with oiled paper and
string.
In Corner
NPS CAT. I
10372
BROOM.
DUST PAN. See Sears catalog, p. 591 for example. These
are sometimes available in second-hand stores, or at
garage sales. Price—About $3.
West Wall
NPS CAT.
NO.
2547
CHAIR.
2698
TABLE.
10354
TABLECLOTH. Red and white check.
8720
COOKBOOK.
2598
PEPPER SHAKER.
2425
SALT SHAKER.
9540
BOWL.
10349
GLASS JAR. Containing dried peas
2508
SPOON.
8324
DISH CLOTH.
2120
CHAIR. Small, red wooden.
190
KITCHEN
NPS CAT. NO.
2012
CHAIR. Small, rush-seated.
COAL STOVE. Built into house
1800
POKER.
1996
SKILLET.
1836
FLATIRON.
1834
FLATIRON.
1835
FLATIRON.
9458
KETTLE.
9446
COAL SHOVEL.
2542
COAL SCUTTLE.
10352
POPCORN POPPER.
10353
POPCORN POPPER.
Pantry
The following items should be placed on the shelves of the pantry,
hung on its walls, and stacked or rested on the floor. The placement
of the items should be neat, but should convey the feeling that the
house and kitchen are occupied.
NPS CAT. NO.
10364 CARDBOARD BOX.
10363 GLASS CUP.
1642 TEAPOT.
1655 SUGAR BOWL AND LID.
10362 GLASS WITH WAX.
191
KITCHEN
NPS CAT. NO.
1982
BREADBASKET.
1739
BLANC MANGE MOLD
2406
BREAD BOX.
9456
POT LID.
2140
BASKET.
9451
FUNNEL.
2200
TRAY.
1731
TRAY.
10380
YARD STICK.
10355
BALL OF RED WAX.
8187
FLOOR BRUSH.
8188
FLOOR BRUSH.
2710
SCRUB BOARD.
2746
WRINGER.
10371
TOASTING RACK.
10370
TOASTING RACK.
2739
BUCKET AND COVER
1997
IRON POT.
103678
BASIN. Enamel.
10376
BOX. Wood.
9448
BREAD BOARD.
10367
BUCKET.
Wooden
192
KITCHEN
NPS CAT. NO.
10379
CORD. With plug
8008
KNIFE.
8007
KNIFE.
8011
KNIFE.
8010
KNIFE.
8015
KNIFE.
2189
TEASPOON.
2185
TEASPOON.
2187
TEASPOON.
8047
TEASPOON.
2188
TEASPOON.
8051
TEASPOON.
8050
TEASPOON.
8048
TEASPOON.
8049
TEASPOON.
2183
SOUP SPOON.
8045
SPOON.
9453
KETTLE.
9457
FRYING PAN.
2407
GRINDER.
2734
IRON.
1837
IRON REST.
193
KITCHEN
NPS CAT. NO.
2622
MUSTARD JAR.
1995
RUG BEATER.
8238
VEGETABLE GRATER.
1667
SUGAR BOWL.
2403
POTATO MASHER.
8156
CROCK. With cover.
10373
LIGHT BULB.
10374
LIGHT BULB.
8183
TIN BOX.
10356
BOKA COFFEE CAN.
10357
BEECHNUT COFFEE CAN.
10358
BEECHNUT COFFEE CAN.
2618
MARMALADE JAR.
10359
GLASS JAR.
10360
CUP.
1687
CELERY DISH.
1651
COFFEE CUP.
1653
SAUCER.
8122
WILLOWWARE CUP.
8191
WILLOWWARE SAUCER.
8195
WILLOWWARE SAUCER.
8125
WILLOWWARE CUP.
194
KITCHEN
NPS CAT. NO.
8193 WILLOWWARE SAUCER.
8166 WILLOWWARE PLATTER.
8138 WILLOWWARE SAUCER.
8128 WILLOWWARE CUP.
8185 WILLOWWARE BOWL.
8130 WILLOWWARE PLATTER. Large.
2399 KNIFE.
8014 KNIFE.
8006 KNIFE.
LEMON SQUEEZER. See Sears catalog for prototype.
ROASTING PAN. Large, as in Sears , p. 583.
SAUCE PAN.
CAKE TINS.
BUTTER CROCK. Probably stoneware. Available in local
second-hand stores for under $15.
BREAD PANS. Four.
TUBE PAN. One. Called "Turk's head pan" in Sears ,
1902.
PIE PLATES. Two, large.
PIE PLATES. Three, small.
CUSTARD CUPS. Two, large.
CUSTARD CUPS. Two, medium.
CUSTARD CUP. One, small.
195
KITCHEN
NPS CAT. NO.
CUSTARD CUPS. Six, small. Should not match the one
small custard cup above.
ASH BARRELS. Three, zinc.
All of the above items are still available in second-hand stores,
priced under $5. per item.
Estimated Cost, Kitchen : $300.
LOWER FRONT HALL
This room is where the visitor to the Wayside should be welcomed,
just as the Lothrops 1 visitors entered the house here. Older furni
ture and souvenirs from the Lothrops 1 travels, as well as framed
testaments which establish the owners' identities, are found here.
North Wall
NPS CAT
WINDOW. With interior shutters painted red. See in-
terview with OWC and MML, transcription, p. 11, MMNHP
files.
East Wall
NPS CAT.
CLOTHES POLE. Listed as "light wood" in the 1915
inventory. This was probably a simple oak clothes tree
with canted legs and metal brackets. Possibly, it came
from DL's business, like the wardrobe. Source: Check
second-hand furniture stores. Cost: Prices vary from
$15. to $75.
196
LOWER FRONT HALL
NPS CAT. NO.
8579 WARDROBE. See Illustrations 10, 11.
2543 MARBLE-TOPPED TABLE. A hall table is needed for calling
cards, mail, etc. This last quarter, nineteenth-century
table is suitable. MML provided no specific documenta-
tion on this table.
ELECTRIC WALL SCONCES. Original to room.
2552 BANNER. Over sitting room door. "Now fayre betyde whoe
here abyde and happie may theye be and good befall whoe
in this halle render fayre courtesie."
South Wall
NPS CAT.
West Wall
CURTAINS. Over door lights. Reproductions of curtains
made by MML. Because of sun damage, these and all
window hangings should be periodically checked and
replaced as needed. Use the original hangings in
MMNHP's collection as patterns.
2037 CHAIR. "Savonarola" style.
On Wall
2294-97 PHOTOGRAPHS. Four, in one frame.
Center of Hall and on Stairway
"LARGE GREEN RUG." Put down in 1899. One presumes that
the rug in Illustrations 10 and 11 is an approximation
after MML's document, now in MMNHP's files.
Estimated Cost, Lower Front Hall: $75.
197
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
The Lothrops used this room as a library during the early years of
their occupancy. After Daniel Lothrop died, Harriett Lothrop began to
convert the room into a memorial to her husband. The room assumed a
shrine-like quality in HML's mind and it should convey that ideal to
the visitor today. This room provides the interpretor with an excel-
lent opportunity to discuss HML's strong leanings toward the idealiza-
tion of her life through the manipulation of her surroundings.
North
Wa
11
NPS CAT.
NO.
2348
PHOTOGRAPH
2275
PHOTOGRAPH
#2348.
2205
PEDESTAL.
1784
LAMP. On
Framed, Edward Everett Hale.
Framed, Julia Ward Howe. Hangs below
WINDOW SHADES, Three. Original to room.
10397
-99
NET CURTAINS. Pairs, white. Br
backs.
2600
VASE. Ceramic.
2082
ARMCHAIR.
ANTIMACASSAR. On back of chair.
1985
PEDESTAL.
1984
BUST OF DANIEL LOTHROP. Bronze,
on pedestal
198
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
East Wall
NPS CAT.
2636-38
10394-96
2020
2063
2042
BOOKCASES. Large, from D. Lothrop & Co. offices.
CURTAINS. Rose-colored, on interior of bookcase doors,
Bookcases are used as a repository for DL publications,
The park maintains a separate inventory of these books,
CHAIR. Gothic.
SIDE CHAIR.
PRINT. "Entry Into Jerusalem," framed, hanging from
picture molding.
South Wall
2043
"MADONNA AND FAMILY." By Erich Currens, framed, hang-
ing from picture molding over mantel (see Illustration
12).
On Mantel
NPS CAT,
1725
1756
1581
LAMBREQUIN. Striped with fringed edges and embroidery
draped over mantel as in Illustration 12. A reproduc-
tion of the lambrequin used by HML could be made for
about $125.
VASE. Chinese.
STATUETTE. Parian of neoclassical figure.
PHOTOGRAPH. Mounted on board, of European architec-
ture. Available in second-hand stores for about $5.
The photograph should lean against the back wall as in
Illustration 12.
CLOCK. Baullier.
199
MRS. HAWTHORNE'S PARLOR
NPS CAT. NO.
1724 VASE. Chinese.
2062 SIDE CHAIR.
West Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2640 PRINT. "Christ Led to the Crucifixion," framed, hanging
from picture molding.
2059 ARMCHAIR.
2784 PHOTO OF S.W. McCALL. Autographed, framed.
1785 PHOTO OF E. STEDMAN. Autographed, framed, hanging below
#2784.
2060 SIDE CHAIR.
2021 CHAIR. Morris.
2272 PHOTO OF G. BOUTWELL. Autographed.
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO.
CARPET. This was installed in 1903 and is appropriate.
LANTERN. This is also from HML's occupancy.
Estimated Cost, Mrs. Hawthorne's Parlor : $130.
OLD ROOM
The Lothrops used this room for leisure activities. Informal par-
ties were held here. The room's atmosphere should reflect a mood of
relaxed activity.
200
OLD ROOM
North Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2038 TABLE. With checkerboard on top.
2193 CHAIR. Windsor.
WINDOW SHADES. Original to room.
2064
OIL LAMP. Electrified on buil
2648
ARMCHAIR. See Illustration.
East
Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
CUPBOARD. Built-in, contents:
1611
PLATE.
Nankeenware.
1655
CUP.
Nankeenware.
1670
INK STAND.
2453
VASE.
Glass.
2781
SAUCER. Green.
2780
SAUCEF
[. Green.
2782
DISH.
Green.
8123
CUP.
Nankeenware.
8124
CUP.
Nankeenware.
8126
CUP.
Nankeenware.
8127
CUP.
Nankeenware.
8129
CUP.
Nankeenware.
201
OLD ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
8131 BOWL. Nankeenware.
8132 SAUCER. Nankeenware.
8135 SAUCER. Nankeenware.
8136 SAUCER. Nankeenware.
8137 SAUCER. Nankeenware.
8139 SAUCER. Nankeenware.
8140 SAUCER. Nankeenware.
8192 SAUCER. Nankeenware.
8190 SAUCER. Nankeenware.
8196 PLATE. Nankeenware.
8197 PLATE. Nankeenware.
8198 PLATE. Nankeenware.
8199 PLATE. Nankeenware.
8186 BOWL. Vegetable, Nankeenware
8200 PLATE. Nankeenware.
8213 PLATE. Nankeenware.
8235 DISH. Nankeenware.
1632 PITCHER. Lustreware.
South Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2010 SIDE CHAIR.
202
OLD ROOM
NPS CAT. NO,
2030
Over Mantel
NPS CAT. NO,
CABINET. Norwegian. Now in possession of MML's
cousin, Mr. Griffen. HML brought this cabinet from a
trip abroad (see Illustration 14).
CHEST. Wooden, on floor, below cabinet.
SIGN. Ink on white illustration board, replicating the
one in Illustration 17: "The Old Room. This is the
oldest part of the house, being one of the homes of the
early settlers who built along Lexington Road under the
ridge. The crane was in the house in which the 'town
meetings' were held, situated on the edge of Carlisle
when that town and Concord were united. The kettle is a
Hawthorne kettle."
On Mantel
NPS CAT.
1773
2151
1757
1670
CANDLESTICKS. Set, pewter.
PORTRAIT. Of Hawthorne with black crepe ribbons. This
can be made, in-house, to simulate this calendar, or one
could possibly be found in local second-hand shops.
WATERCOLOR. James and Roxana Adams, leaning against
chimney.
BRIC-A-BRAC. "Sleeping Child."
INKSTAND. Porcelain.
203
OLD ROOM
Fireplace
NPS CAT. NO.
1788
BELLOWS.
1734
FOOT WARMER.
2125
TEA KETTLE.
2674
TRAMMEL.
10317
POT HOOK. Small.
2575
POKER.
2576
SHOVEL.
8102
TONGS.
1786
WARMING PAN.
8000
ANDIRON.
8001
ANDIRON.
West Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2048 ROCKING CHAIR. Wooden.
8676 PIANO. Chickering.
CALENDAR. John Hancock Insurance Co., c. 1898, with the
Old State House pictured. Ask company if copy is avail-
able, or make a facsimile.
PRINT. Pastoral scene comparable to the one in Illus-
tration 17, framed and hanging from picture molding.
Cost: $50.
1783-85 LAMPS. Astral, pair, on each end of piano.
204
OLD ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
9439 MUSIC RACK.
PIANO SHEET MUSIC. Old sheet music can usually be pur-
chased in thrift shops for about $5.50 per piece. Try
to find titles the Lothrops might have owned (patriotic
songs).
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO.
2120 CHAIR. Windsor.
2066. TABLE.
Estimated Cost, Old Room : $30.
PIAZZA ROOM
This room retains its appearance in 1906, when the Lothrops re-
moved a partition that divided the space into two smaller rooms. The
family used it as an informal sitting room or parlor. The room should
retain a feeling of informality.
All lighting fixtures in this room were installed by HML and are
believed original.
Center of Room
NPS CAT.
RUG. Rattan, on floor. A large area rug would be
suitable. Yellow matting was used by HML. These are
available through East Asian Importers' outlets in major
cities.
205
PIAZZA ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
2752 TABLE.
2748 COVER. On table. Plain buff-colored linen with embroi-
dered border.
North Wall
2241 PHOTOGRAPH. Framed, "Acropolis in Athens," hanging from
picture molding.
2447 PHOTOGRAPH. Framed, "Parthenon" in Nashville, Tennes-
see, hanging from picture molding.
WINDOW SHADE. Original to room.
10406 WINDOW CURTAINS. Gauze. Presented to the Wayside by
MML. The ruffled valance should be removed and plain
--not ruff led--tiebacks used. See Sears , 1902, pp.
879-882.
East Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2203 PRINT. Framed, "Landing of Columbus."
2044 TABLE.
SIDE CHAIR. Mission style, as in #350, p. 62, Stickley
Craftsmen Furniture Catalog (New York: Dover, 1979).
Low-priced alternatives to labeled pieces are available
in second-hand stores for about $35.
Over Mantel
PRINT. Framed, "Three Women in Garden," hanging from
picture molding.
2594 CANDLESTICK.
206
PIAZZA ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
2451
CUP. Ceramic.
1680
PITCHER. Ceramic
1689
CUP. Lustreware.
South Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2269
PHOTOGRAPH. Fram
molding.
2013
ARMCHAIR.
2032
BOOKCASE.
2180
PRINT. "Prince C
hanging from picture molding.
BOOKS. In bookcase:
2702 Two Little Friends in Norway
2693 Passing of Third Floor Back
2664 Peppers at School
2662 Peppers and Friends
2602 Peppers Abroad
2065 A Little Maid from Boston Town
2676 Hester
2152 Proceedings of the Hawthorne Centenary
Reverend Dr. Aked ; Woman Who Lost ; Mis' Beauty ; English
Cousins ; Yawcab Strauss . Not in park's collection but
available through booksellers at average cost per book
$20.
207
PIAZZA ROOM
West Wall
2700 SIDE CHAIR. Upholstered in black horsehair.
2181 WATERCOLOR. Framed, "Farm House," hanging from picture
molding.
2005 SIDE CHAIR.
2153 PAINTING. Framed, "Whittier And The Children," hanging
from picture molding.
2159 PHOTOGRAPHS. "Cologne Cathedral."
2345 PRINT. "Tower of Pisa."
DESK. Mahogany, on frame. For example, see "The Work
of L. & J.G. Stickley, Fayettevi 1 le, New York,"
( Stickley , cited above, p. 36, #660).
2727 BASKET. Wicker.
North Wal 1--Beneath Pictures
IMPS CAT. NO.
BOX COUCH OR LOUNGE. Upholstered. See Sears , p. 776.
These rarely survive. Check with a reputable dealer.
Estimated cost of couch and upholstery, $4500.
CUSHIONS. Sofa, can be made in-house.
1 Green Silk Brocade
1 Persian (Paisley) Cotton
1 Red Si Ik Brocade
1 Plain Red Cotton
1 White with Embroidered Corners
Estimated Cost, Piazza Room: $5000.
208
SITTING ROOM
The Lothrops used this room as a place to relax and receive their
friends. Harriett Lothrop also wrote her books and stories here, per-
haps the most important fact about the room. Margaret Lothrop left
excellent descriptions, cited earlier, of her mother writing in this
room. We also have photographic documentation of the furnishings and
their arrangement.
North Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
10401 PORTIERE OR DOOR DRAPE. This is one of two given to the
park by MML. The Arts and Crafts pattern is appropri-
ate.
2351 PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS. Framed display, of Wagner, his
house, his grave, and a view of Germany. Two leaves,
from trees near the composer's grave are also included
in the framed composition (Illustration 59).
ELECTRIC WALL SCONCES. Original to room.
2029 TABLE. Green marble-topped, Rococo revival.
Books on Top of Table
NPS CAT. NO.
8989 Ivanhoe , Vol. I.
8987 Old Mortality , Vol. I.
2313 PRINT. Framed, of a mosaic of Christ in Sicily, hang-
ing from picture molding.
East Wall
NPS CAT. NO,
2261 PHOTOGRAPH. Framed, of Lincoln Cathedral in England
hanging from picture molding.
209
SITTING ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
2282 PHOTOGRAPH. Framed, of St. Botolph's Church in Boston,
hanging beneath #2261.
2549 CANDLE STAND. Tilt-top, top vertical.
Shelves Over Mantel
NPS CAT. NO.
1583 CLOCK. Mantel, French, belonged to HML and DL.
2597 VASE. Chinese export porcelain.
1695 BOTTLE. Mold-blown glass.
1628 GOBLET. Copper lustre.
1629 GOBLET. Copper lustre.
1631 TEA CADDY. Oriental export.
1686 BOTTLE. Glass.
1605 SAUCER. Chinese export with urn design.
1606 TEACUP. Chinese export with urn design.
1604 COFFEE CUP. Chinese export with urn design.
1630 CUP. English copper lustre, underglazed with "Samuel."
This belonged to Samuel Stone, a relative of HML.
1597 CREAM JUG. Helmet, Chinese export porcelain, mono-
g rammed "HNM." (This and all subsequent HNM-ware are
part of the Mulford china in the dining room.)
1602 TEACUP.
1599 BOWL. "
1600 BOWL. "HNM."
210
SITTING ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
1598 TEAPOT. "HNM."
1596 SUGAR BOWL. "HNM."
1594 LID. To #1596.
2244 PHOTOGRAPH. Framed, of Harvey Mulford, HML's grand-
father.
1690 CANDY DISH. Molded glass.
1694 GOBLET. Pressed glass.
1847 FABRIC. Two framed pieces, supposedly Martha Washing-
ton's wedding dress.
1639 CUP. Blue glass, mold blown, belonged to HML.
1661 VASE. Japanese Imari, nineteenth century.
2599 DRINKING GLASS. Souvenir, with "Wagner theatre" build-
ing etched on side.
1722 BOWL. Spun brass.
1657 CUP. Souvenir, with North Bridge on side.
1658 SAUCER. Souvenir, with transfer-printed scene of the
Wayside on it.
On Architrave Below Mantel
NPS CAT. NO.
1752 PLAQUE. Of "Devil Looking Over England." Souvenir pur-
chased by HML in Lincoln at the Lincoln Cathedral.
1753 PLAQUE. Of the "Lincoln Imp." Purchased by HML along
with #1752.
2150 PRINT. Framed, of John Milton. Purchased as souvenir
by HML who placed it here.
211
SITTING ROOM
Fireplace Equipment
NPS CAT. NO.
2145 FIRE TONGS. Brass.
8232 HEARTH BROOM.
1807; 1809 ANDIRONS. Pair, brass.
1811 FENDER.
2039 FIRE SCREEN. Decorated by Rose Hawthorne Lothrop with
quotations from Mosses from an Old Manse .
PINE CONES. Tied to ribbons hanging from upper corner
of screen as in Illustration 20. These can be made from
flora on the property and inexpensive satin ribbon for
under $3.
PINE CONES. Hanging from edge of shelves with ribbons
as in Illustration 20.
2328 PHOTOGRAPH. Sepia toned, of "Arc de Triomphe" in Paris,
framed, hanging from picture wire attached to molding.
One of HML's souvenirs.
FAN. Palm leaf with flowers stenciled on it, behind
photo as in Illustration 20. Available in reproduction
at Oriental import shops for under $7.
2236 PRINT. Of Rembrandt's "Night Watch," framed, hanging
from picture molding.
2270 PHOTO. Framed of bas-relief frieze.
2240 PHOTO. Framed of triptych by Lorenzo Ghiberti of the
Baptistery Gates of Paradise.
2012 ROCKER. Ladderback, from HML's family. She believed
it was from England, but the woods, maple and oak, argue
for a New England origin.
2019 TABLE. Sheraton.
212
SITTING ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
8350 TABLE RUNNER. White cotton.
2554 LAMP. Astral, converted for electricity.
South Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2227-28 CHROMOLITHOGRAPHS. Pair, of angels in lancette frames
hanging one above the other.
WINDOW SHADES. Original to house.
10404 CURTAINS. White lace, selected by MML.
2229 PRINT. Framed, of Madonna and Child after Lippi origi-
nal, hanging from picture molding.
Books on Shelf
NPS CAT.
NO.
8990
Ivanhoe II
8992
Waverly II
8991
Waverly I
8988
Old Mortality II
2023
WRITING DESK. HML's
On Desk
NPS CAT.
NO.
1686
PERFUME BOTTLE. Bel
10343
BOX. Durand chocola
213
SITTING ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
1633
1727
2472
2370
1688
10405
2155
2055
VASE. Miniature, used by HML as a pen holder.
PENS, in vase. PEN HOLDERS, straight. NIBS. Available
at art supply stores for about 50$ each.
INK STAND. HML's.
EYEGLASSES. HML's.
ADVERTISEMENT. For the Five Little Peppers .
CHAIR. Windsor, in front of desk.
WINDOW SHADE. Original to the room.
CURTAINS. White lace, selected by HML.
ILLUSTRATION. Framed, by Hermann Heyer of one of the
Five Little Peppers stories (Illustration 60).
CHAIR. Banister-back.
West Wall
NPS CAT. NO,
2154
2149
2448
10400
2724
WATERCOLOR. Framed, by Kate Greenaway, purchased by
Daniel Lothrop in 1880.
OIL. On canvas, framed, "The White Mountains," by
Edwin Champruy.
WATERCOLOR. Framed, by W. Andrews of a pastoral scene,
DOOR DRAPE OR PORTIERE. Matches those on North Wall.
CHAIR. Windsor.
214
SITTING ROOM
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO.
10403 RUG. Domestic oriental. Not original to room but rep-
licates the feeling of the area rug seen in Illustra-
tion 20, taken in 1888. Illustration 21, taken in
about 1922, shows a Brussels carpet, now missing. This
carpet was quite worn in the photograph.
2588 ROCKER. Wicker. Where HML liked to sit and think about
the Peppers.
CUSHIONS. Chintz, for rocker made from a reproduction
fabric and feather cushions. Schumacher fabric similar
to that used in the West Chamber would be appropriate.
Estimated cost: $50. per cushion or $100.
Estimated Cost, Sitting Room : $115.
EAST CHAMBER
This room should portray MML's presence at the Wayside. This was
her room after 1905. The interpreter has an opportunity in the east
chamber to discuss MML's role in the house and its preservation.
North Wall
NPS CAT.
9492 PRINT. Framed, "Girl Standing," hanging from picture
molding.
1976 CHAIR. Windsor.
WALL SCONCE. Electric. North and West Wall sconces
original to room.
2288 PRINT. Framed, "Sibilla Delthea," hanging from picture
molding.
215
EAST CHAMBER
NPS CAT. NO.
2697
CHEST OF DRAWERS.
2653
WASH BASIN.
TOILET SET. Brush, comb, mirror, hair receiver, hair-
pin box, and hairpins. Available at a thrift shop, or
second-hand shop. Estimated cost: $45.
East Wall
NPS CAT.
NO.
*
2089
PANEL BED.
10449
MATTRESS. On bed. No NPS number
10447
SHEET.
10448
SHEET.
PILLOW.
10445
PILLOW CASE.
10446
BLANKET.
10450
BEDSPREAD.
2616
SCRAP BASKET. Wicker.
10451
CURTAINS.
2581
ROCKING CHAIR.
2212.
PRINT. Framed, "Girl With A Muff," hanging from picture
molding.
2546
CHAIR.
216
EAST CHAMBER
South Wal 1
NPS CAT. NO.
10452
CURTAINS.
10453
CURTAINS.
2248
PRINT. F
PRINT. Framed, "Birches," hanging from picture mold-
ing.
West Wall
NPS CAT.
NO
2103
2110
2121
Over Mant
el
NPS CAT.
NO
2789
2790
2247
Fireplace
i
NPS CAT. NO
1797
8003
8004
2144
CHEST OF DRAWERS. Hepplewhite.
MIRROR. Hanging from picture molding
CHAIR.
PRINT. Pre-Raphaelite angel, in stand-up frame,
PRINT. Pre-Raphaelite angel, in stand-up frame,
PRINT. "Emerson," in stand-up frame.
FENDER.
ANDIRON. Brass.
ANDIRON. Brass.
SHOVEL. With brass top,
217
EAST CHAMBER
NPS CAT. NO.
1794 TONGS. Brass.
2570 POKER.
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO.
8094 RUG. Oriental style.
2558 HAT BOX.
10040 BOX.
10039 FOOTLOCKER. Numbers 2558, 10040, and 10039 stacked at
foot of bed.
In Closet
NPS CAT. NO.
8154 HAT. MML's.
8440 SHOE. MML's.
10430 COAT. Black, MML's.
Estimated Cost, East Chamber : $45.
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM
Sometime after DL's death in 1893 and MML's return from college in
1905, this room became HML's bedroom. It is recommended that this
room portray HML's occupancy. According to an interview with MML, the
wallpaper in this room was original to the Hawthornes. The woodwork
colors date to HML's occupancy.
218
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM
North Wall
NPS CAT
2081
2113
10431
1988
1987
2098
East Wall
NPS CAT. NO,
10432
8438
10434
10435
2572
8349
CHEST OF DRAWERS. With high mirror.
CLOTHES POLE.
WALL SCONCES. Original to room. No NPS number.
WINDOW SHADES. Original to room.
CURTAINS. Chintz, reproduced from the original pair.
MIRROR. Pier, grained frame.
TABLE. Demilune pier, in front of mirror.
LAMP. Hurricane, on pier table.
WINDOW SHADE. Original to room.
CURTAINS. Chintz, reproduced from the original pair.
WING CHAIR. Wicker.
CUSHION. Small, on chair, reproduction.
PILLOWCASE. On cushion, made from reproduction Chintz.
PILLOW. Large, on chair, reproduction.
PILLOWCASE. Large, on chair, made from reproduction
Chintz.
TABLE. Small, pine. Copies of Wide Awake from the
park's collection on the table. These should be rotated
to preserve them.
TABLE SCARF. On table.
219
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
2099
1991
1992
10426
10427
10428
10429
10425
8398
8395
10440
2226
1990
2452
2778
LAMP. Hurricane, on table.
BED. Ash, part of set purchased by the Lothrops in
1883.
BEDSPRINGS. Frame.
SHEET.
SHEET.
BLANKET.
MATTRESS.
PILLOW.
PILLOW.
PILLOW SLIP.
PILLOW SLIP.
BEDSPREAD.
CHROMOLITHOGRAPH. "Nun Lighting Candles," framed, hang-
ing from picture molding over bed.
WALL SCONCE. Original to room. No NPS number.
BUREAU.
COLOGNE BOTTLE. On bureau.
TRAY. Ceramic, on bureau.
HAIRPINS. On tray. Reproductions are available in
five and dime stores for under $1.
TOILET SET. Brush, combs, mirror, hair receiver, hair-
pin container. Available through second-hand stores.
Estimated cost: $45.
220
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM
South Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2156 OIL. "Country Scene," on canvas, framed, hanging from
picture molding, over mantel.
On Mantel
NPS CAT. NO.
1766 CANDLESTICK. Brass.
2174 SKETCH. Of Polly Pepper, framed, leaning against wall
West Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
1989 TOILET CUPBOARD. With mirror.
8382 TOWEL. Linen, hanging from towel bar on cupboard.
1993 COMMODE.
8331 TOWEL. On top of commode.
1979 SOAP TRAY.
SOAP. Plain castile, in tray. Available through a
supermarket or five and dime store for 50<{: per cake.
1977 PITCHER.
1978 WASHBOWL.
WALL SCONCE. Electrified, original to room. No NPS
number.
1981 ROCKING CHAIR.
WINDOW SHADE. Original to room.
221
GUEST ROOM OR TERRACE ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
10439 CURTAINS. Reproduction Chintz, after originals.
Estimated Cost, Guest Room or Terrace Room : $50.
LARGE BATHROOM
This room was used by the Lothrops for sanitation and hygiene.
The plumbing fixtures are original.
North Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2017 CHAIR. Windsor, bamboo style.
10468 CURTAINS. Window, reproduction of white dimity cur-
tains used by HML.
WINDOW SHADE. Green. Presented to the Wayside by MIL.
2195 BASKET. Large, wicker, originally used for soiled
towel s.
WEIGHTS AND PULLEYS. Affixed to wall. Estimated cost
$125.
East Wall
NPS CAT.
MIRROR. Considered a fixture on the wall. This has
always been in the room.
TOWELS. Linen, over towel bar. Reproduction towels are
available through department stores; or a dry goods
firm can supply the linen; and park staff can hem them.
2696 CHEST OF DRAWERS. Believed to have been purchased from
the Hawthornes, and always located in this room.
222
LARGE BATHROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
South Wall
NPS CAT,
West Wall
DUST RUNNER. Linen, on chest of drawers. The one pres-
ently in the room is appropriate but has no number.
MUG. Green and white, for shaving. A green milk glass
mug would be appropriate, or a green earthenware mug.
Available from a dealer who specializes in late nine-
teenth-century objects. Estimated cost: $25.
SOAP DISH. Small ceramic dish would be suitable.
Estimated cost: $5.
BASIN. Enamel, probably used for a shaving bowl. An
enamel, shallow bowl, approximately 10 inches in diam-
eter can be found in a second-hand store for approxi-
mately $5.
BATH TOWEL. Over towel bar. A plain white terry towel
would be suitable. Cost: $5. The pile on the towel
should not be as thick as present-day towels.
NPS CAT. NO.
8496 BATH MAT. Hung over the side of tub.
10467 SOAP DISH.
SOAP. Cake of castile or white soap for dish. Cost
50$.
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO.
8559 RUG. Hooked.
223
LARGE BATHROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
8629 RUG. Striped
Estimated Cost, Large Bathroom:
$250,
MAID'S ROOM
The furnishings in this room should reflect the residence of the
Lothrop family's live-in help, making a statement about the Lothrops 1
economic status and about the life-styles of late nineteenth-century
domestics.
North Wa
11
NPS CAT.
NO.
10466
BED. Iron
and brass.
10464
MATTRESS.
8506
SHEET.
8425
SHEET.
10463
BEDSPREAD.
Black and
9441
PILLOW.
2093
PILLOW.
2114
WINDOW CURTAINS. Made to approximate the original de-
sign. These should be a simple pair of cotton, light
and medium blue printed curtains, with tiebacks.
Fabric patterns should be examined in back issues of
Sears catalogs, and an attempt made to approximate MML's
vague description of the originals (see p. 157).
BUREAU.
224
MAID'S ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
2215 PRINT. "Girl in White Dress," hanging from picture
molding on wall above bureau.
East Wall
NPS CAT
WINDOW SHADE. Presented to the Wayside by MML.
CURTAINS. As described on North Wall, above.
2216 PRINT. "Man and Woman Walking," hanging from picture
molding above mantel.
CHEST OF DRAWERS. Painted brown, that approximates the
green chest of drawers already in the room. Source: A
local antiques dealer. Estimated cost: $225.
BUREAU SCARF. Linen. Approximate cost: $5.
South Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2646 SIDE CHAIR.
CURTAINS. In four-panel sections in fabric that matches
the window curtains, suspended from rods in front of
"clothes press."
West Wall
NPS CAT,
BED. Single, iron and brass, approximately the same
style as the one now in the room. Source: Dealer who
specializes in late nineteenth-century antiques, or one
who deals exclusively in brass beds. Estimated cost:
$350-$500.
225
MAID'S ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
MATTRESS. Available from second-hand store for $25.
This should be the type with a tick cover and buttons.
SHEETS. Two. If the bed is to be displayed made up,
any type of sheets will give the bedspread the proper
drape.
FEATHER PILLOWS. Two. Tick covers. Cost: $10. eacn.
Source: Second-hand shops.
BEDSPREAD. Similar to the one in the room. Source:
Second-hand store. Cost: $10. As an alternative, a
seersucker, striped fabric could be purchased and made
into a suitable spread.
2214 PRINT. "Girl in Neoclassical Dress," over bed, hanging
from picture molding.
1980 WASHSTAND.
2134 MIRROR. Above washstand on wall.
8406 WASHBOWL.
8403 PITCHER.
8404 SOAP DISH.
8408 SLOP JAR
HAND TOWELS. Linen, two, hanging from the rails of the
washstand. Available in second-hand shops for $3 each,
or made from reproduction fabric at the park.
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO.
8084-85 RUGS. Braided, scattered on the floor.
Estimated Cost, Maid's Room: $1016.
226
SMALL BATHROOM
No furnishings data survive for this room, and no furnishings are
recommended here. The Lothrops used the larger bathroom. This small
bathroom was not installed until 1910, a few years before the Lothrops
began to rent the property. Furnishing the larger bathroom, which is
well documented, will sufficiently interpret this function at the Way-
side.
TOWER STUDY
This room, more than any other at the Wayside, provides an oppor-
tunity to portray the Lothrops' (especially HML's) ideas about his-
toric interpretation, and to discuss the Victorian's expectations of
an historic house. The Lothrops used this room as a shrine to Nathan-
iel Hawthorne. It is the epitome of the Wayside tour. While no in-
ventory survives, an abundant amount of photographic evidence (Illus-
trations 28 through 32) exists. HML considered Hawthorne one of
America's greatest authors. Despite the considerable conflicts in the
world views of HML and Hawthorne, she memorialized him at the Wayside
and, by virtue of her occupancy, set herself in a direct continuum
from Hawthorne in the annals of American literature.
North Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2300 BUST OF A WOMAN. On top of built-in cupboards
227
TOWER STUDY
Inside Cupboard
IMPS CAT. NO.
Illustration 30 demonstrates that MiML kept displays and
label copy inside the cupboards. A similar display
might be made. The photos appear to be famous American
authors, philosophers, and statesmen.
WALL SCONCE. Original to room. No NPS number.
WINDOW SHADES. Green. Original to room. In summer,
tack a piece of screening to one of the windows as MML
did for ventilation (see Illustration 30).
2209 PEDESTAL.
1986 BUST. Of Voltaire, on pedestal.
2301 BUST. Of Plato, on top of built-in cupboard.
East Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2014 TABLE. Drop-leaf, Federal style pembroke.
2204 BOOKCASE. Oak, swivel, from D. Lothrop Co.
Books in Bookcase
NPS CAT. NO.
2155 The Hawthorne Centenary at the Wayside , Concord, 1904,
T.W. Higginson.
2565 Hawthorne at the Old Manse by Allen French.
2795 Nathaniel Hawthorne Man and Writer by Edward Wagen-
kneeht.
2824 Nathaniel Hawthorne by Austin Warren.
228
TOWER STUDY
NPS CAT. NO.
8849 Nathaniel Hawthorne, The American Years by Robert Cant-
wel 1.
8825 Personal Recollections of Nathaniel Hawthorne by Horatio
Bridge.
8837 Life of Nathaniel Hawthorne by Moncure D. Conway.
8849 Nathaniel Hawthorne, The American Years by Robert Cant-
wel 1 .
8850 Sorrow Bui It a Bridge by Katherine Burton.
8853 Tales of Nathaniel Hawthorne , John Brook Moore, ed.
8865 Favorite Authors .
8866 Yesterday With Authors , James T. Field.
8867 Yesterday With Authors , James T. Field.
8895 Archibald Malmaison , Julian Hawthorne.
8897 The Novels and Tales of Nathaniel Hawthorne .
8898 Confessions and Criticisms , J. Hawthorne.
8899 Hawthorne and His Circle ., J. Hawthorne.
8900 Hawthorne and His Circle , J. Hawthorne.
8901 Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife , Vol. I, J. Hawthorne.
WALL SCONCE. Original to room.
2208 BOOKCASE. Belonged to the Hawthornes.
FABRIC. Plain red wool fabric covering bookcase. MML
recalls this was used as a protection by her mother.
229
TOWER STUDY
On Bookcase
NPS CAT. NO.
2306 BUST. Pestalozzo.
2571 BUST. Benjamin Franklin.
In Bookcase
NPS CAT. NO.
8902 Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife , Vol. II, J. Hawthorne.
8903 Selections From Hawthorne and His Friends .
8906 American Literary Scene , Manning Hawthorne, ed.
8910 Shapes That Pass , Julian Hawthorne.
8914 The Hawthorne Centenary at the Wayside , 1904.
8915 The Hawthorne Centenary at the Wayside , 1904.
8933 Memories of Hawthorne by Rose Lathrop.
8938 The Life of Horace Mann by Mary Mann.
8951 A Fire Was Lighted , Theodore Maynard
8960 The Rebellious Puritan , Helen A. Clarke.
8999 Brief Biographies , Lloyd Morris.
9004 The Life and Times of Nathaniel Hawthorne , Frank Preston
Stearns.
9017 Hawthorne and His Publisher , Caroline Ticknor.
9018 The Hawthorne Centenary at the Wayside , 1904.
9020 Hawthorne's Country, Helen A. Clarke.
230
TOWER STUDY
iMPS CAT. NO.
9022 Tales, Sketches and Other Papers by Nathaniel Hawthorne ,
G. Lathrop.
9059 Nathaniel Hawthorne , George E. Woodbery.
9237 Hawthorne and His Friends , F.B. Sanborn.
9271 Romantic Rebel , Hildegard Hawthorne.
9364 The House of the Seven Gables , N. Hawthorne.
9366 Aunt Ebe , Manning Hawthorne.
9379 Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Tradition of Gothic
Romance , J. Lundblad.
9380 Nathaniel Hawthorne Prepares for College , Manning
Hawthorne.
9381 Nathaniel Hawthorne at Bowdoin College , Manning Haw-
thorne.
9382 Hawthorne Spectator , Elizabeth Hawthorne, ed.
South Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2100 PRINT. Framed, Nathaniel Hawthorne, hanging from
picture molding.
On Mantel
NPS CAT. NO.
1783; 1785 OIL LAMPS. Pair, electrified, at either end of mantel
as in Illustration 28.
2174 DRAWING. Framed, of Polly Pepper praying, with explana-
tion and autograph of HML, in center of mantel as in Il-
lustration 28.
231
TOWER STUDY
NPS CAT. NO.
OBELISK. Small, to the right of #2174 as in Illustra-
tion 28. This was obviously a souvenir. They are still
available for approximately $3.
In Front of Fireplace
NPS CAT. NO.
2000
2207
CHAIR. Windsor, red
CHAIR. Painted, late nineteenth or early twentieth cen-
tury.
CUSHION. Down, covered with a red slip case, on the
chair, as in Illustration 28.
West Wall
NPS CAT,
2016
BOOKSHELF. Bamboo-turned, mounted on wall. These were
popular during the last quarter of the nineteenth cen-
tury. Approximate cost: $125. Source: Dealers who
specialize in nineteenth-century antiques.
PAGE. From an edition of The Scarlet Letter showing
Hester Prynne knocking at the door. This page is tacked
to the wall in Illustration 33. Approximate cost:
$10.
TABLE. Drop-leaf, with one leaf extended.
CARD. On table to simulate the one in Illustration 33.
CARD TEXT. Reads, "HAWTHORNE TOWER. After his return
from Italy, Hawthorne wanted a tower room that reminded
him of Monte Auto, and where he could work undisturbed.
He built this in 1856 where surrounded by the waving
pines he could look off to the quiet country he loved as
he paced to and fro. The standing desk in the corner
was built by his own hand."
232
TOWER STUDY
NPS CAT. NO
PINE BOUGHS. HML's association of historic interpreta-
tion with euhemerism is obvious from the shrine-like
room arrangements in the early photographs of the Way-
side. Whether she valued pine boughs for the symbolic
aspects of coniferous plants, i.e. always green, full of
life and longevity, or merely as useful ornaments, this
room would be incomplete without pine bough decorations
at least on important anniversaries. The greens display
is seen in Illustrations 28 and 33.
Estimated Cost, Tower Study : $140.00
UNA'S ROOM
The Lothrops used this room as a guest room. Since the 1914 in-
ventory describes this as the "blue room," there is some question
whether the Lothrops associated the room with Una Hawthorne. This
room provides the interpreter with the opportunity to discuss both
Una and HML's many friends who visited the Wayside.
North Wal1--Northwest Corner
NPS CAT. NO.
2069 VANITY TABLE. Part of the complete bedroom suite in
this room.
On Table
NPS CAT. NO.
1683-84 PERFUME BOTTLES.
233
UNA'S ROOM
Window Hangings
NPS CAT. NO.
10421 CURTAINS. White, sheer, from MML but probably not
original to this room.
DEEP VALANCE. Liberty of London print fabric (select
from local Liberty of London dealer), suspended from
large curtain rings on brass-ended curtain rods. These
wood and brass curtain rods are mentioned in Carroll's
interview with MML on August 15, 1966. Nearby sources
for reproductions can be found in The Old-House Jour -
nal ' s Buyer' s Guide (issued annually), 199 Berkeley
Place, Brooklyn, New York 11217. See Illustration 34
for guidelines.
2565 SIDE CHAIR. Windsor.
WALL SCONCE. Electrified. Original to room. No NPS
number.
East Wall
NPS CAT. NO
2233 PRINT. Framed, "Mary Queen of Scots," hanging from a
picture hook about six inches above the top of the
frame.
CURTAIN. Across closet doorway made from Liberty of
London fabric, suspended from curtain rings and hanging
from a wooden rod with brass ends.
STEAMER TRUNK. See the trunk in the foreground of Il-
lustration 34 for guidelines. If such a trunk is not
already in the park's possession, second-hand stores
carry them for approximately $65.
234
UNA'S ROOM
Over Mantel
NPS CAT. NO.
2053 CHROMOLITHOGRAPH. Framed, "Girl Picking Petals from
Daisies," believed to have been purchased by Daniel
Lothrop. Illustration 34 shows this print hanging over
the mantel. It should be hung in the same manner,
tilting out over the mantel.
On Mantel
NPS CAT.
LAMBREQUIN. Large, as in Illustration 34. No records
survive that describe this in detail. From the photo-
graph it appears to have been a light-colored fabric
with a band of tassels sewn to the front edge. In keep-
ing with the colors of the room, a light blue silk is
recommended. Scalamandre fabrics produces a line of
ready-made trimmings which would be suitable for the
tassels.
1767-68 CANDLESTICKS. Pair.
8150 WORKBASKET.
2777 VASE. Blue enameled.
1582 CLOCK. Ansonia Clock Works, 1881.
2056 ROCKER. Mid-nineteenth century.
CURTAIN. Liberty of London print across closet door-
way. See above description.
South Wall
NPS CAT
2182 PRINT. Framed, "Charming Kate," hanging from a long
picture wire as in Illustration 34.
235
UNA'S ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
CALENDAR. Any small calendar of the type distributed as
promotional items by retailers, dating between 1888 and
1914. These can be found in second-hand stores. A silk
ribbon rosette should be affixed to the upper corner of
the calendar as in Illustration 34.
WINDOW HANGINGS. See above description.
2220 PHOTOGRAPH. Of a Burne-Jones print, "Stairway of Life"
or "Girl on Staircase," hanging from long picture wire
as in Illustration 34.
2299 PRINT. Framed, "Ave Maria" after Delia Robbia, hanging
from short Dicture wire beneath #2182. See Illustration
34.
West Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2067 BED. Rococo revival.
8410-12 MATTRESS.
8513 SHEET.
PILLOWS. Feather, two (no numbers).
9440 PILLOW COVER. "DL" embroidered into the edge.
9442 PILLOW COVER. "MML" embroidered into the edge.
PILLOW SHAM. Lace, suspended from curtain bar as in
Illustration 34. Inexpensive curtain lace is still
available from Sears, Roebuck and Co. Two satin bows
should be attached to the front.
8522 QUILT. Folded at the foot of bed.
2068 COMMODE.
236
UNA'S ROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
COVER. Linen, with tatted edges, over commode. See
Illustration 34.
2775
SLOP JAR. Inside commode.
2695
TOWEL RACK.
2475
TOWEL.
8331
TOWEL.
8333
TOWEL.
2070
WASHSTANO.
2774
SOAP DISH.
2797
GIRANDOLE. Gold.
WASHBASIN AND PITCHER. On washstand. An ironstone set
is recommended. These are available in second-hand
stores or antique dealers for about $100.
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO,
RUG. Domestic oriental, approximately 4 ' x6'. See Il-
lustration 34. These are available through any reputa-
ble rug dealer, such as Jerehian Brothers or Maloumian
Brothers in Philadelphia, or Dildarian in New York.
Often, rug cleaners who store rugs will have unclaimed
rugs at reduced prices. Estimated cost: Up to $1500,
depending upon condition.
Estimated Cost, Una's Room: $1800.
237
UPPER FRONT HALL
Although this space was only used by the occupants as a passage
between rooms, the Lothrops did keep some furniture and mementos in
it. Some of the objects relate to Daniel Lothrop. This provides the
interpreter with an opportunity to discuss Lothrop, as elsewhere his
presence is not as strong as his wife's or daughter's.
North Wall
NPS CAT. NO
WINDOW SHADE. Original to space. No NPS number
East Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2237 CERTIFICATE. Framed, of DL's membership in the Boston-
i an Society, hanging from ceiling cove molding over
Northeast Passage doorway.
2201 WATERCOLOR. Framed, of the Wayside by Mrs. Isaac
Fenno, 1891, hanging from cove molding over Hawthorne
Bedroom doorway.
CLOCK. See Illustration 36. A wall clock marked "D
Lothrop Co." once hung over the Hawthorne Bedroom door-
way. The whereabouts of this clock is unknown and be-
cause of its highly personal association, a substitute
is not recommended. It is listed as a record of what
appeared in the hall if an opportunity to acquire such a
clock ever arises.
South Wall
NPS CAT
WINDOW SHADE. Original to this space. No NPS number.
238
UPPER FRONT HALL
NPS CAT. NO.
2202 CHAIR. Windsor, with "Ephraim Wales Bull" stenciled on
the crest rail.
East Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
2087 PRINT. Framed, "Pilgrims Signing the Compact," hanging
from picture molding.
2445 PRINT. Framed, "Milton In His Blindness," hanging part
way down the stair wall.
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO.
CARPETING. Green, as in lower front hall.
HANGING LANTERN. Now electrified, at the top of the
stairs, installed in 1906.
Estimated Cost, Upper Front Hall: $00.
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
This was MML's bedroom when she was a child. After she began
using the East Chamber, this room served as an extra guest room.
North Wall
NPS CAT,
1808 HIGH CHEST. Queen Anne, probably South Shore, Massachu-
setts.
239
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
2221
CHROMOLITHOGRAPH. Framed, "Girls on Hill," hanging from
picture molding over bed.
WALL SCONCE. Electric. Original to room. No NPS num-
ber.
2115
SLEIGH BED.
2116
MATTRESS.
8461
SHEET.
10455
SHEET.
10456
BLANKET.
PILLOWS. Two, on bed.
8398
PILLOW SLIP.
8395
PILLOW SLIP.
East Wall
NPS CAT.
NO.
8457
PORTIERE. Chintz, for
Chintz, for closet doorway. Available from
F. Schumacher Co., for about $75. This should match the
other chintz in the room.
Over Mantel
NPS CAT. NO
2256
PRINT. Framed, "Capture of Andromache."
240
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
On Mantel
NPS CAT. NO.
1763-64 CANDLESTICKS. Pair, brass.
1634-35 VASES. Imitation Frankenthal, hand painted, a wedding
present to HML.
Firepl ace
NPS CAT. NO.
2104 FENDER. Wire and brass.
2105-06 ANDIRONS. Pair.
1790 EQUIPMENT STAND.
1791 FIRE TONGS.
9463 FIRE POKER.
1792 FIRE SHOVEL.
2231 PRINT, "A Morning in the Tropics."
2111 CHEST OF DRAWERS. Federal.
2109 TOILET MIRROR AND STAND. On chest.
WALL SCONCE. Electric. No NPS number.
South Wall
NPS CAT. NO.
10457-58 CURTAINS. Chintz. Reproduced after original set by
HML.
WINDOW SHADES. Original to the Wayside.
241
WEST CHAMBER OR HAWTHORNE BEDROOM
NPS CAT. NO.
2096 ROCKING CHAIR. Cane seat and back.
2213 PRINT. Framed, "Erasmus," hanging from picture
molding.
West
Wall
NPS I
:at. i
2097
2123
-24
DESK. Drop-front.
OIL LAMPS. Glass, pair.
BUREAU SCARF. No NPS number.
1668 BOWL. Ceramic.
2686 MIRROR. Hanging from picture molding above desk.
10460 CURTAINS. Chintz.
2108 SHAVING TABLE. Salem, early nineteenth century. Be-
lieved to have belonged to Hawthorne.
Center of Room
NPS CAT. NO.
8072 RUG. Braided, wool. Presented to NPS by MML.
SCREEN. Wood and chintz. No longer in NPS collection.
A substitute screen can be found in an antiques shop and
fitted with reproduction chintz, matching the other
chintz in the room, all for about $275. Plain rect-
angles as in Stickley's Craftsmen Furniture Series
would be appropriate.
Estimated Cost, West Chamber or Hawthorne Bedroom: $350.
242
SPECIAL INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION RECOMMENDATIONS
(Diana R. Pardue)
This section contains instructions on maintaining a safe environment
for museum objects in the historic house, performing necessary
collection maintenance, and maintaining adequate security. See Part D
for potential sources of assistance in implementing this section.
A. THE ENVIRONMENT
Maintaining a stable environment within a furnished building is cru-
cial for long-term preservation of the historic furnishings. Part C
contains a list of elements destructive to historic furnishings
(Agents of Deterioration), and includes recommended levels to sustain
a proper museum environment.
1. Temperature/Humidity
Temperature and humidity readings must be taken on a regular, long-
term basis to determine seasonal fluctuations. A recording hygrother-
mograph should be used continuously, placed on each floor, and out of
reach of curious visitors, but in rooms containing historic furnish-
ings. Weekly charts can be used to identify problem areas and justi-
fy changes to the existing climate control equipment.
The house appears to be having structural problems that may affect
the historic furnishings. Hygrothermographs can be placed in problem
areas and their charts can be used to detect excess moisture. Inte-
rior photographs need to be taken of the problem areas and then used
243
as a basis for documenting any changes that are occurring internally
with the structure. Monitoring must be done by the park staff before
structural changes can be made. The Regional Historic Architect
should be consulted and should work with the staff on monitoring and
interpreting the results.
An average internal relative humidity of 55% should be maintained
year round. Recognizing the difficulty of such precise control and
taking into consideration the needs of a historic structure, an ac-
ceptable alternative is 35% or higher relative humidity in the winter
and 55% or lower in the summer. Such a broad range in relative humid-
ity is acceptable only if the change from the wintertime low to the
summertime high, and back again, is slow and regular and the daily
relative humidity varies less than 2%.
Ideally the inside temperature should be about 70°F when the house
is open to the public. However, an acceptable temperature for winter
is 50°F, and for summer 75°. Above 70°F, good ventilation is needed
to minimize pockets of stagnant humid air. Rapid changes in tempera-
ture must be avoided; daily temperature changes should not exceed 5°.
( Manual for Museums , pp. 67-69; Conserve Grams 3/6, 3/7)
2. Light
Controlling both visible and ultraviolet light will prevent fading
and weakening of fibers in organic materials (wood, textiles, paper,
244
leather). The curator should try to maintain light levels of 150 lux
(or lower) and no more than 75 microwatts per lumen.
Ultraviolet light filters have been installed on all windows of
furnished rooms. Window shades and curtains can be used to block
direct sunlight from entering the furnished rooms. The curator should
develop a schedule of raising and lowering the appropriate shades in
the morning, noon, and at closing time to limit the amount of sunlight
in the rooms. Light readings (both lux and ultraviolet) need to be
taken by the curator on a yearly basis to make sure the levels are
within the recommended range.
Lighting fixtures in these rooms should be used only when necessary,
and turned off when visitors are not present. Only incandescent
lighting with low watt bulbs should be used.
( Manual for Museums , p. 69; Conserve Grams 3/3, 3/5)
3. Dust
Dust is an abrasive which can attack objects directly. Prevention is
better than treatment; good housekeeping should keep dust off ob-
jects. Dust covers, made from washed, unbleached muslin, should be
placed over the furniture when the house is closed to the public in
the off-season. These covers will minimize dust contact. To keep
dust levels to a minimum, windows should be open only when absolutely
necessary and window screens should be used.
(Manual for Museums, pp. 69-70; Conserve Gram 7/8)
245
4. Insects/Rodents
Insect and rodent inspections should occur weekly, and appropriate
actions taken where needed. To prevent or to minimize insect and
rodent activity, food and drinks should not be allowed in the house,
and it should be cleaned on a regular basis using the housekeeping
schedule.
( Manual for Museums , pp. 65; 69-77; Conserve Grams 3/9, 3/10)
5. Fire
The house needs better fire detection systems. Smoke and heat detec-
tors are located throughout the house but are not placed in good loca-
tions within the rooms to quickly detect a fire. Fire extinguishers
(ABC) are located throughout the house and are to be used until the
local fire department arrives. The detection system is hooked up with
the local fire department. An appraisal of the fire detection and
suppression systems needs to be done by a reputable firm in conjunc-
tion with the appropriate Regional office staff people to determine
what is needed. A multidisciplinary team made up of a historical
architect and a museum curator should be involved in determining what
particular types of systems should be installed to minimize any nega-
tive impact en historic building fabric and the furnishings. The team
should consult with the recommendations in NFPA 911, "Protection of
Museums and Museum Collections." In addition, the park should invite
the responsible fire department to visit and inspect the house, to be-
come aware of particular problems which should be considered regarding
246
the furnishings and the historic structure. This visit should take
place twice a year.
The Park Ranger should prepare an emergency action plan for imple-
mentation in the event of natural disasters, fire, civil unrest, and
bomb threats. It should delineate responsibilities of park employees
to minimize danger to life and property. The staff must be made aware
in advance of actions designed to save the more valuable museum
objects. A plan for the safe evacuation of visitors and staff must be
posted.
Fire drills held on a regular basis are one of the best ways to
ensure the proper response to an emergency. Thinking out responses
ahead of time makes dealing with the real emergency much easier.
Good housekeeping can be the most important single factor in the
prevention of fire. No smoking should be allowed in the furnished
sections of the house.
( Manual for Museums , pp. 77; 292-297; Conserve Gram 2/4)
6. Security
Protection of the furnishings is provided by visitor barriers, mechan-
ical intrusion systems, and park employees. Park employees conduct-
ing house tours meet visitors at the front door and let them out when
the tour is completed. Outside exits should remain locked.
247
Tour groups should never exceed fifteen people, except during spe-
cial programs when more employees can be stationed throughout the
house. Self-guided tours should be avoided and visitors should not
be left unattended.
Security devices can extend the eyes and ears of the park staff,
especially when the park is closed. These devices depend on trans-
mitting a message to a receiver who acts with speed and effective-
ness.
A reputable security firm should prepare a security appraisal, rec-
ommending additional security devices if needed. The security sys-
tems should be tested periodically. Local authorities should be made
aware of the existence and value of the furnishings, as well as who
to notify in an after-hour's emergency.
Park employees must insist that visitors do not touch the furnish-
ings. Only park employees with curatorial duties should handle the
historic furnishings and then as little as possible, and only with
clean hands. Metal objects should not be handled without clean cot-
ton gloves.
Small objects can be protected from unncessary handling or theft by
placing them out of reach of visitors, or securing them to large ob-
jects. Reproduction objects should be used in place of historic ob-
jects if proper protection cannot be provided and displayed objects
are necessary. However, reproduction objects should not be regarded
248
as expendable to the extent that they are given absolutely no protec-
tion or care.
Park employees should conduct walk-through examinations and visual
inventories several times daily. Missing or damaged objects should be
reported immediately to the Superintendent, and Incident Reports
(Form 10-434A) completed.
The museum records system is an additional security device. An
up-to-date system contains object locations and descriptions. Loca-
tion files, part of the records system, should be established, using
salmon-colored catalog cards (Form 10-254A). Each card should contain
the object name, location (building, room, where in room) a brief de-
scription, catalog number, and accession number. These cards should
be kept in the house and organized by room, type of object (chair,
table, painting, etc.), and numerical sequence by catalog number.
Photographs showing object placement should be available for each
room. Depending on size, rooms can be photographed in sections of
four or more, and labeled A, B, C, etc. The contents of closets can
be included. These photographs can be kept on Print File Cards (Form
10-30), and filed by room.
( Manual for Museums , pp. 77-82; 78-297; Conserve Gram 2/4)
7. Specific Conservation Considerations
a. Objects should never be placed next to, or on top of, function-
ing heating vents, which will dry out wood, textiles, leathers, and
249
paper objects. An alternative to relocating objects is to close off
vents.
b. When placing objects such as lamps, books, and other small
objects on other materials (textiles, finished wood surfaces, paper,
or leather), protective barriers should be placed between the objects
to prevent the transfer of corrosion or chemicals, and to evenly
distribute weight. Suitable protective barriers are: acid-free
cardboard; museum mat board (100% rag); or polyethylene foam.
c. Pages of open books should be turned weekly to avoid excess
damage to any two pages or the spine of the book.
d. No historic papers should be exhibited merely to recreate the
historic scene; modern copies will have the same overall effect.
Copies should be replaced monthly to create a fresh appearance.
e. Exposed bookcases can be covered with plexiglas to prevent
theft and to minimize dust. Using UF3 plexiglas will also reduce
ultraviolet light hitting the books.
f. Garments (including hats or bonnets) should be hung on either
padded wooden hangers or padded pegs. Polyetheylene foam or cotton
batting, covered with cotton muslin, forms good padding. This padding
should be designed to hold the shape of the object and, where possi-
ble, the object should be alternated with like objects for display.
250
Only very strong textiles in good condition can bear the strain of
hanging.
g. All framed paper materials (such as prints and photographs)
should be matted with 100% rag board and framed according to Conserve
Gram 13/1. Photographs should be matted with 100% rag board that
has not been buffered.
h. Rugs should not be placed directly on the floor. Wool felt or
cotton sheeting should be used as a barrier between the rug and the
floor.
i. Some of the furniture, leather objects, photographs, and books
appear to need conservation treatment. The furnishings should be sur-
veyed by conservators to determine which objects need conservation
treatment. The curator should then use the survey recommendations to
develop a conservation schedule.
j. Objects stored in drawers, cabinets, and closets need to be
removed and stored correctly in the museum storage area.
B. COLLECTION MAINTENANCE AND HOUSEKEEPING SCHEDULE
The Superintendent is responsible for the collection; all collection
maintenance, as well as cleaning materials, must be approved by her/
him. The curator should be responsible for collection maintenance and
should first receive curatorial training.
251
General Rules for Handling Objects
1. Be aware that all objects should be treated respectfully. Haste
makes for bumped, scratched, and broken objects; always schedule
enough time to complete the task. Be thorough, but remember that over
cleaning may be as harmful as no cleaning. Be gentle rather than
enthusiastic.
2. Fingerprints leave deposits of dust, water, and oils where
pockets of corrosion develop on metal objects. Always wear clean
white gloves when handling metal objects (silver, brass, copper,
steel, iron) and leather objects. When the gloves become soiled,
rinse them in Ivory--do not use bleach. Always have clean, dry hands
when handling other types of materials.
3. When moving any object, support that piece. Carry only items
that can rest securely in both hands, and carry only one thing at a
time. Never lift anything by its handle, spout, ears, rim, or any
other protruding part. Support it from below at the base and at the
side. Moving large pieces of furniture requires two people so that
mishandling by tugging, pulling, and sliding is avoided. When sev-
eral objects are moved that are small enough to fit in a basket, pad
each object (along with the basket). Do not stack objects on top of
each other. Do not allow parts of objects to protrude from the basket
or any container) while in transport. The loaded basket must be
light enough to be carried easily.
252
4. Moving objects displayed above fireplaces on high shelves, or
over tables requires two people, using a ladder. One person should
ascend the ladder, and using both hands, carefully transfer the object
to the person on the ground. Lids or any removable parts should be
firmly affixed or removed before moving.
5. Carry chairs by their seat rails; large upholstered chairs
should be carried by two people. In most cases, tables should be sup-
ported by the skirt.
6. Plan ahead. Know where you are taking an object, what obsta-
cles are on the way, and have the pathway cleared and padded if neces-
sary.
7. If something breaks, report it to the Superintendent. Save all
fragments and keep them together.
General Recommendations for Using This Housekeeping Schedule
1. Discretion and sensitivity must be applied in following this
housekeeping schedule. Dusting and cleaning museum objects should be
based on need and condition. Cleaning frequency may vary, depending
on the location of the object in the house (if it is close to an
exterior door), the season of the year t and the level of visitation.
Judgment should be exercised accordingly by the person with curatorial
duties. The less handling an object receives, the longer it will
survive.
253
2. When dusting, the dust should be removed—not just pushed
around. When some objects are dusted with a dry cloth or artist's
brush, use a vacuum cleaner to pick up the dust that is removed from
the object into the air. Vacuuming is the best method of dusting, but
a variety of suctions should be used, depending on the stability and
age of the object or surface. Some vacuum cleaners are now made so
that their suction can be lowered. A voltage regulator can also be
used to lower the suction. Portable hand vacs are useful because they
have a lower suction than regular vacuum cleaners. A plastic mesh
screen should also be used on fragile surfaces to relieve strain.
Metal, glass, and ceramic objects on mantels, high shelves, or tables
should be dusted in an area removed from the furnished area. When
clean, they can be returned to their exhibit location. Be yery care-
ful when handling these objects—this requires two people.
3. During seasons with low visitation levels, the daily, weekly,
and monthly tasks can be done with less frequency. Biannual tasks
should be done in the spring and at the beginning of winter. Annual
and biennial tasks should be done during winter months.
Specific Recommendations
Ceramics and Glass
Once a year, ceramic and glass objects should be examined to see if
additional cleaning is needed. Clean these objects according to the
directions in Conserve Gram 8/2. Do not immerse unglazed portions
254
of earthenware. Instead, wipe these sections with a damp cloth or
artist's brush.
Textiles
1. Vacuuming: Fibers should be tested initially for stability.
Turn the suction down to the lowest level. Carefully vacuum a small
unnoticeable section of the textile, holding the plastic mesh screen
over the textile to eliminate strain. Then check the area vacuumed
for loose fiber ends. If none are visible, continue vacuuming the
textile using the brush attachment. Use the plastic mesh screen on
all fragile areas to eliminate strain.
Vacuum upholstered furniture using the upholstery attachment and the
plastic mesh screen. Place the screen against the upholstery and
vacuum over it. Work dust out of corners, pleats, and tufts with a
clean brush attachment.
2. Cleaning: Reproduction textiles can be dry-cleaned by a de-
pendable dry cleaner, once a year or as needed. Historic textiles
should be cleaned by a professional textile conservator. If there is
a question as to whether a textile can be cleaned by the curatorial
staff, consult with the Regional Curator or the Textile Conservator in
the Division of Conservation.
3. Rugs: Rugs used for visitor access or new rugs can be vacuumed
and cleaned more frequently than historic rugs. When vacuuming his-
255
toric rugs which are worn, the plastic mesh screen should be used as
well as a low suction to relieve strain.
Metals
1. Brass, copper, and silver objects should be polished and lac-
quered to avoid polishing e^/ery year. A coat of lacquer should last
a long time (around 10 years); inspect objects yearly for tarnished
spots, indicating that the lacquer needs replacing.
Lacquering can be done on contract. Contact the Regional Curator
for assistance with this project. The Metals Conservator, Division
of Conservation, can be consulted for additional assistance.
2. Iron objects can develop rust and corrosion. If this occurs,
the room environment should be monitored (using a hygrothermograph) to
see if the humidity is too high. Contact the NARO Conservator for as-
sistance and information on further treatment.
3. Cast and wrought iron fireplace equipment can be polished with
stove blacking.
4. Excessively dirty metal objects can be washed. Do not wash
objects with sections made of other materials, such as bone or wood.
If dusting is done regularly, washing should not be necessary. Wash-
ing should never occur on a regular basis.
Washing Procedure: Wash in warm water and non-ionic detergent;
rinse in clear water and dry completely with a soft clean cloth.
256
5. Pewter should be polished only when absolutely necessary; a
light coat of microcrystal 1 ine wax is usually sufficient. Wash only
if the object is very dirty; this dirt buildup should not occur if the
objects are dusted regularly. Do not wash on a scheduled basis.
Washing Procedure: Wash in denatured alcohol; rinse well in dis-
tilled water and dry with a clean cloth.
Fireplace
Cleaning Procedure:
Equipment: Soft, clean cloths, pail of clear water, gloves,
sponge.
Procedure: Vacuum clean. Damp wipe the hearth with a sponge
dipped in clear water. Dry with a soft, clean
cloth.
For more detailed information on fireplaces, see Manual for Museums ,
pp. 241-244.
Maintenance Staff Projects Accomplished in Consultation with
Superintendent
Floors
Monthly Cleaning: The wood floor can be damp mopped and buffed.
Buffing removes lightly imbedded dirt and restores the waxy gloss.
When dirt has been moderately ground into the wax, buffing should
fol low damp mopping.
257
Cleaning Procedure
Damp Mopping: Equipment—Clean string mop, mop bucket (avoid
bucket that shows signs of rusting), and
wringer.
Procedure: Fill bucket half full with cold water. Vacuum
thoroughly before mopping. Wet mop in cold water
and wring it nearly dry. Mop floor in long con-
tinuous side-to-side strokes. Reverse direction
every fourth stroke. Rinse and wring mop fre-
quently. Change water as soon as it gets dirty.
Try to avoid slapping strands of mop against
furniture, rugs, or baseboards. When finished,
wash mop, bucket, and wringer.
Buffing: Equipment—Electric floor polisher, clean
buffing brushes, or pads.
Procedure: Vacuum floor thoroughly first. Attach buffer
to floor polisher head. Guide polisher from side
to side, in parallel paths, until entire floor is
buffed. Avoid hitting furnishings or baseboards
with polishing machine. Clean pads or brushes
when finished.
For more detailed information on caring for floors, see the Manual for
Museums , pp. 222-231.
Windows
Biannual Cleaning: The windows should be washed inside and out. No
liquid should run onto the wooden framework. Care must be taken to
not damage the ultraviolet filtering materials on the interior of the
glass.
Cleaning Procedure:
Equipment: Two people, ladder, chamois, pail, sponge,
cleaning solution (Conserve Gram 8/2).
258
Procedure: Dust window panes and surrounding framework.
Dampen sponge in cleaning solution and use over-
lapping strokes to wash each pane. Remove dirty
water from the pane with chamois. Change water
when it becomes dirty.
For more detailed information on cleaning windows, see Manual for
Museums , pp. 238-239.
Ventilation System
Biannual Cleaning: Contact the maintenance staff and request them
to remove the floor registers and vacuum the outlets. The heating
equipment should also be cleaned; any filters should be cleaned and
replaced.
Housekeeping Schedule
Daily
1. Vacuum floors and baseboards. Do first floor one day, second
floor the next day.
2. Dust stairway balusters and railing with a clean cotton cloth
sprayed with Endust™. Alternate floors as above.
3. Damp wipe surfaces extensively handled by visitors (room
barriers, entrance and exit door handles, and stair railings).
Weekly
1. Dust wood furniture with a clean cloth sprayed with Endust™.
Dust all parts of the piece including the out-of-the-way places. Use
a soft cotton swab if necessary (Conserve Gram 7/8).
259
2. Dust ceramic, glass, paper, and other small objects on display
using a clean dry cotton cloth. Use an artist's brush on intricately
decorated objects and art objects. Do the first floor one week, the
second floor the next week.
3. Vacuum leather materials, books, and lamp shades, using a gentle
suction through the plastic screen. Wear clean cotton gloves. Do al-
ternate floors as above.
4. Dust metal objects, using a clean, dry cotton cloth. Always
wear clean cotton gloves. Do alternate floors as above.
5. Clean soiled gloves in Ivory™; rinse and dry.
6. Vacuum hearths, mantels, and fireplaces.
7. Change vacuum bag.
8. Check for evidence of insects and rodents (see Manual for
Museums , pp. 71-77 and Conserve Gram 3/10). Renew traps as
needed.
Monthly
1. Vacuum window frames, shades, reproduction curtains, and light-
ing fixtures.
2. Clean plexiglas, using a non-static cleanser and a clean, dry
cotton cloth.
260
3. Vacuum upholstery on historic furniture, using gentle suction
and a clean upholstery attachment. Fragile areas should be vacuumed
through a plastic mesh screen to decrease strain. Always vacuum in
the direction of the nap if the material has a nap.
4. Vacuum Oriental carpets and historic rugs, using the upholstery
attachment in the direction of the nap and a plastic screen where
necessary.
5. Dust picture frames, using a lens brush.
6. Glass on mirrors and pictures may be damp wiped (if needed),
using a sponge dipped in glass cleaner (Conserve Gram 8/2) and
squeezed almost dry. Do not let the moisture get on the frame or
under the glass.
7. Replace scattered replica paper with fresh sheets.
8. Refold folded textiles along different lines to reduce
stress.
9. Spot clean walls with a clean, water damp cloth, and dry.
10. Vacuum tops of doors, bookcases, and other ledges in reach of
the floor.
11. Damp mop/buff the wood floors.
261
12. Examine furnishings to determine if active deterioration is
occurring and if specialized conservation treatment is needed.
Semi-Annual
1. Vacuum ceiling and other high wall areas requiring ladders.
2. Wash and dry windows.
3. Vacuum around radiators and check for leaks.
4. Clean or replace filters in the heating system; clean heating
equipment.
Annual
1. Check metal objects for corrosion, rust, or tarnish; treat if
necessary.
2. Wash and dry ceramic and glass objects, if necessary (Conserve
Gram 8/2).
3. Clean woodwork by wiping with a clean, damp cloth and dry im-
mediately.
4. Clean hearth, mantel, and fireplace (only if necessary).
5. Take up Oriental carpets and historic rugs and clean be-
neath.
262
6. Take objects out of cupboards and bookcases; dust objects as
well as shelves, using a clean cotton cloth or vacuum cleaner.
Biannual
1. Clean and wax finished wood furniture (not gilt or painted
furniture) (Conserve Grams 7/2, 7/3).
2. Damp wipe and dry painted wood and raw wood objects, using a
clean cloth with water (Conserve Gram 7/2).
3. Clean exposed wood floors by stripping, waxing, and buffing
(Conserve Gram 7/4) .
C. AGENTS OF DETERIORATION
Proper care of a museum collection consists of reducing the rate of
deterioration to a minimum by housing the collection in a safe envi-
ronment. A safe environment will prolong the life of an object and
minimize conservation treatment. Prevention is always better than
treatment.
The Manual for Museums includes a chapter on caring for a collec-
tion. The sections on agents of deterioration (pp. 67-82) and climate
control (pp. 83-91) should be read carefully. Another good source to
become familiar with is The Museum Environment by Garry Thomson. It
contains useful information on lighting, humidity, and air pollu-
tion.
263
Damaging conditions are:
Too much or too little humidity
40% - 60% is an ideal range; metals do best at 40% or below. At very
low levels, organic materials dry out and become brittle; at high
levels, mold will develop and metal will begin to corrode. Manual
for Museums , pp. 67-68, 83-89.
Too much or too little temperature
60°-70°F is the recommended range. The greatest danger lies in the
variation of temperatures. Rapid and wide variations can cause dan-
gerous expansion and contraction of some materials. Manual for Muse-
ums, pp. 68-69, 83-86, 89.
Too Much Light *
50 Lux (5 Footcandles)
Textiles, watercolors, prints and
drawings, paper, wallpapers, dyed
leather, most natural history objects
(botanical specimens, fur, feathers,
etc.).
150 Lux (15 Footcandles)
Oil and tempera paintings, undyed
leather, horn, bone, ivory, and ori
ental lacquer.
300 Lux (30 Footcandles)
Other objects.
*Garry Thomson, The Museum Environment (London: Butterworths,
1978), 23.
264
Ultraviolet light should be filtered out. The length of time an
object is exposed to light is equally important. Use light only when
necessary. Manual for Museums , pp. 69, 86, 90-91.
Chemical Air Pollution
Common air pollutants include industrial fumes, motor vehicle
exhausts, and salts from the ocean. Materials such as unseasoned
woods, paints containing lithopone (in the pigment), unpainted
hardboard, acidic papers and plastics also release harmful vapors.
These materials should be avoided in construction of exhibit cases or
storage equipment. Manual for Museums , pp. 70, 91.
Dust
It acts as an abrasive, provides surface for moisture condensation and
will soil the surface of objects. Once an object is covered with
dust, the removal process can accelerate wear and increase the possi-
bility of physical damage. Manual for Museums , pp. 69-70, 91.
Mold (Also called Mildew)
This growth probably destroys more objects than anything else.
Growth is more likely and noticeable on organic objects in an atmos-
phere of more than 65% RH and 60°F. Look for velvety patches or
areas of discoloration. Avoid warm, damp environments. Manual for
Museums, pp. 70-71, 39.
265
Insects
The most common insects to watch are powder-post beetles, clothes
moths, silverfish, dermestid beetles, and cockroaches. Ther damage
is rapid and irreversible. Manual for Museums , pp. 71-76.
Rodents
In a very short time these animals can destroy a collection by their
eating and nest-making. Watch for droppings, signs of gnawing, and
rodents themselves.
Fire
A fire can wipe out an entire collection \/ery quickly. Keep flamma-
bles in special fire-resistant containers. Work out a fire emergency
action plan with staff and local fire-fighting organizations. Manual
for Museums , p. 77.
Humans
Human hazards to the collection are careless handling (by visitors and
staff), vandalism, and theft. The security of the collection depends
primarily upon the staff. Manual for Museums , pp. 77-82.
D. SOURCES OF ASSISTANCE
Persons responsible for the care and protection of museum objects
should be familiar with Ralph Lewis' Manual for Museums (National Park
Service, GPO, 1976), the Conserve Gram series, and the NPS Museum
266
Handbook . Section in the Manual for Museums which are particularly
useful for implementing these recommendations are Chapter 4, "Caring
for a Collection," pp. 61-112; Chapter 11, "Housekeeping," pp. 204-
259; and Chapter 12, "Protection," pp. 260-298.
Other useful publications:
Committee on Libraries, Museums, and Historic Buildings. Protection
of Museums and Museum Collections 1980 . NFPA 911, Boston: Na-
tional Fire Protection Association, Inc., 1980, one of the best
sources on fire protection and prevention, specifically written
for museums.
Edwards, Stephen R., Bruce M. Bell, and Mary Elizabeth King. Pest
Control In Museums: A Status Report . Lawrence, Kansas:
Association of Systematic Collections, 1980, a good guide to
pesticides, their use in museums, and common insect pests.
Thomson, Garry. The Museum Environment . London: Butterworths,
1978. An excellent source of information on light, humidity,
and air pollution.
Useful audiovisual programs are:
"Housekeeping Techniques for the Historic House," "Museum Fire Secu-
rity," and "Site Security." These programs are produced by the
American Association of State and Local History.
267
Additionally, the Regional Curator, North Atlantic Regional Office,
and the Curatorial Services Division, WASO, can provide assistance
and further information for managing the museum collection.
268
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOURCES RELATING TO OCCUPANTS
MMNHP Files.
Bassin, Maurice. Hawthorne's Son . Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State Uni
versity Press , 1970.
Bonstelle, J. and M. deForest, eds., Little Women, Letters from the
House of Alcott.
Boorstin, Daniel J. The Americans, III, The Democratic Experience.
New York: Vintage Books, 1974,
Capen, Oliver Bronson. "Country Homes of Famous Americans," Country
Life in America. (July, 1904): 282.
Carroll, Orville W. The Wayside: Historic Structure Report, Part II
Architectural Data Section . Washington, D.C.: Division of
Historic Architecture, Office of Archeology and Historic
Preservation, 1968.
Cheney, Edna D. Louisa May Alcott: Her Life, Letters and Journals
(1930, edTT
Clark, M.L. The Alcotts in Harvard. J.C.L. Clark, 1902.
Cowley, Malcolm, ed., The Portable Hawthorne . New York: Viking,
1948.
Derry, Robert. "Harriett Lothrop Chronology," Unpublished. MMNHP
269
Fields Collection, Boston Public Library.
Gowing, Clara. The Alcotts As I Knew Them . Boston: The CM. Clark
Publishing Co., 1909.
Hawthorne, Edith Garrigues, ed. The Memoirs of Julian Hawthorne .
New York: MacMillan, 1938.
Hawthorne, Julian. Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife . New York:
Anchor Books, 1968, Reprint of 1884 ed.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Tanglewood Tales . Boston, Houghton Mifflin,
1900.
Higginson, ed. The Hawthorne Centenary Celebration at the Wayside ,
Concord, Massachusetts, July 4-7, 1904. Boston: 1905.
Howells, William Dean. Literary Friends and Acquaintances.
Interpretive Prospectus: Minute Man National Historic Park, Massa-
chusetts." U.S. Department of the Interior: National Park
Service, 1971.
Kesselring, Marion L. Hawthorne's Reading, 1828-50 . New York: New
York Public Library, 1949.
Kimball, Fiske. Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and
of the Early Republic. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons,
W&-.
Lothrop Letters, Boston Public Library.
"Daniel Lothrop," Dictionary of American Biography ,
270
Margaret Mulford Lothrop, The Wayside: Home of Authors . New York
American Book Company, 1968.
Mann Correspondence, Massachusetts Historical Society.
Ronsheim, Robert D. The Wayside: Historic Structure Report, Historic
Data Section" ! National Park Service: Division of History,
Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, 1968.
Sanborn, Frank B. and William T. Harris. Amos Bronson Alcott, His
Life and Philosophy. New York: Biblo and Tanner, 1965.
Saxton, Martha. Louisa May, A Modern Biography of Louisa May Alcott
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.
Shepard, Odell . Pedlar's Progress, The Life of Bronson Alcott . New
York: Greenwood Press, 1968.
Stewart, Randall. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Biography . New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1948.
. "More Books," The Bulletin of the Boston Public
Library (October, 1944): 308.
Tharp, Louise Hall. The Peabody Sisters of Salem . Boston: Little,
Brown, & Co., 1950.
Ticknor, Caroline. May Alcott, A Memoir. Boston, 1928.
Hawthorne and His Publisher. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin & Co., 1913.
271
Toogood, Anna Coxe. The Wayside: Historic Grounds Report . Washing-
ton, D.C.: National Park Service, Eastern Service Center,
1970.
Turner, Arlin. Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1979,
Wolfe, Theodore. Literary Shrines . Philadelphia, J.B. Lippencott
Co., 1896.
SOURCES RELATING TO FURNISHINGS
The main source used for this report were MML's notes at MMNHP. Other
sources included:
Conley, Katharine. "How the Chintz Decorator Transformed Turn of the
Century Rooms," Old House Journal (March, 1981): 66-67.
Furn, Dallas. "Japan At The Centennial," Nineteenth Century , 2
(Autumn, 1976): 33-40.
Marzio, Peter C. The Democratic Art: Pictures for a Nineteenth
Century America . Boston: David R. Jodine in association
with the Amon Carter Museum of Western Art, Fort Worth,
1979.
Sears, Roebuck & Co. Catalog 1903, 1904 . Reprint, Dover Publishers,
T969T
Stickley Craftsman Furniture Catalogs, Reprint, Dover edition, 1979.
272
ILLUSTRATIONS
273
Illustration 1.
Harriet M. Lothrop and Daniel Lothrop holding their
daughter Margaret M. Lothrop with Elizabeth Palmer
Peabody (Mrs. Hawthorne's sister) on the west lawn
of the Wayside property. Photographer, A.W.
Hosmer, c. 1886. Date is ascribed on the basis of
Miss Lothrop' s appearance. She was born in 1884.
Source: MMNHP.
274
Illustration 2.
Reception for Mrs. John A. Logan. Photo attrib-
uted to A.W. Hosmer, August, 1890.
Source: MMNHP.
276
Illustration 3.
Harriett M. Lothrop, Margaret Mulford Lothrop
(lower left), and unidentified companion. Taken
about 1897-1890 in the Bay Window Room. Negative
BW9.
Source:
278
w
wmwmmmmmmm
Illustration 4.
Bay Window Room, 1922. Negative BW2
Source: MMNHP.
280
L\<
W
X
X
tfi.0
«* «*.
^B*?v
v ^
£*#
Illustration 5.
Bay Window Room, 1937. Negative BW5
Source: MMNHP.
282
Illustration 6,
Lower Front Hall.
Source: MMNHP.
284
Illustration 7.
Polly Pepper when she believed she was going blind
Source: MMNHP.
286
*i
-/
A,
Illustration 8.
Dining Room as it appeared in 1922. Negative
DR4bn.
Source:
288
Illustration 9.
Dining Room in 1888. Published by Frank Cousins'
Bee-Hive . Negative DR2.
Source: MMNHP.
290
Illustration 10,
Lower Front Hall, looking south.
Source: MMNHP.
292
Illustration 11.
Lower Front Hall, looking north.
Source: MMNHP.
294
Illustration 12.
Mrs. Hawthorne's Parlor, c. 1888-1893. Negative
HP1N.
Source:
296
Illustration 13.
Mrs. Hawthorne's Parlor, facing north, c. 1970,
Negative HP.
Source: MMNHP.
298
Illustration 14.
Old Room showing "Norwegian Cabinet" (on wall
which Mrs. Lothrop brought back from Norway,
gave the cabinet to her cousin, Mr. Griffin.
Source: MMNHP.
300
Illustration 15.
Sitting Room as it appeared in 1898. Date is based
on wall calendars and on MML's appearance in her
photograph on the piano.
Source: MMNHP.
302
Illustration 16.
Guest Room or Terrace Room, c. 1922
Source: MMNHP.
304
Illustration 17.
Old Room, taken in 1898. Negative OR,
Source: MMNHP.
306
Illustration 18.
Piazza Room as it appears today looking north,
c. 1970.
Source: MMNHP.
308
Illustration 19.
Piazza Room, looking south, as it appears today,
c. 1970.
Source:
P.
310
■BhHBH
Illustration 20.
Sitting Room, published in Frank Cousins'
Bee-Hive , Salem, 1888.
Source: MMNHP.
312
Illustration 21.
Sitting Room, probably around 1922. Negative
SR-4.
Source:
P.
314
Illustration 22.
Sitting Room, looking north, as it appears today,
c. 1970.
Source:
316
Illustration 23.
Dining Room, looking northwest, believed taken in
1922. Photograph probably by Shepherd. Negative
DR-3.
Source: MMNHP.
318
Illustration 24.
Terrace Room or Guest Room as it looks today.
Taken about 1970.
Source: MMNHP.
320
▲
J5 *
Illustration 25.
Large Bathroom, as it appears today, c. 1970,
Source: MMNHP.
322
Illustration 26.
Maid's Room, looking northeast, as it appears
today, c. 1970.
Source: MMNHP.
324
Illustration 27.
Maid's Room, looking northwest, as it appears
today, c. 1970.
Source: MMNHP.
326
Illustration 28.
Tower Study, photographed in 1898. Negative
TS19n.
Source:
328
Illustration 29.
Tower Study, southeast corner, photographed in
1902. Negative TS19n.
Source: MMNHP.
330
Illustration 30.
Tower Study, photographed about 1928. Neaative
TSlOn.
Source: MMNHP.
332
Illustration 31.
Tower Study, photographed about 1900. Negative
TS2.
Source: MMNHP.
334
Illustration 32.
Stair Tower of Tower Study, probably c 1922
Negative TSllan.
Source: MMNHP.
336
r~
Illustration 33,
Tower Study, c. 1904.
Source: MMNHP.
338
Illustration 34.
Una Hawthorne's Room, furnished as the Lothrops'
guest room. Frank Cousins' Bee-Hive , after
October 1888, datable by the heat register in-
stalled at that time. Negative URlb.
Source: MMNHP.
340
Illustration 35.
Una's Room, east wall. Photo believed to date
post-1924. Negative UR2.
Source: MMNHP.
342
Illustration 36.
Upper Front Hall, showing stairway to Hawthorne
Tower and Lothrop & Co. clock over the Northwest
Passage doorway. Negative UH1.
Source: MMNHP.
344
Illustration 37.
West Chamber or Hawthorne Bedroom, as it appears
today, c. 1970.
Source: MMNHP.
346
Illustration 38.
Lower Front Hall with view of stair carpet
Source: MMNHP.
348
Illustration 39.
Kitchen, view north, as it appears today, c. 1970.
Source: MMNHP.
350
«to
Illustration 40,
Kitchen, view south, c. 1970.
Source: MMNHP.
352
Illustration 41.
Sitting Room, facing fireplace. Negative SR4bn
Source: MMNHP.
354
Illustration 42.
West Chamber or Hawthorne Bedroom, facing east
Negative HB1.
Source: MMNHP.
356
Illustration 43.
Sitting Room, facing fireplace. Negative SR2
Source: MMNHP.
358
i^S^ - m
<
K
I.
Illustration 44.
Dining Room, with pine boughs and dried corn on
mantel. Negative DR2.
Source: MMNHP.
360
II lustration 45,
East Chamber.
Source: MMNHP.
362
Illustration 46.
Sitting Room, showing HML's writing desk, c. 1970,
Source: MMNHP.
364
Illustration 47,
Large Bathroom.
Source: MMNHP.
366
Illustration 48.
Chair from Old Room, Arts and Crafts style
Source: MMNHP.
368
Illustration 49.
Windsor chair with "Ephraim Wales Bull" written
on the crest rail. This was supposed to have
belonged to Bull .
Source: MMNHP.
370
Illustration 50.
Morris chair that is supposed to have belonged to
Hawthorne.
Source: MMNHP.
372
Illustration 51.
HML's "cathedral chair" with her needlework on the
back and seat.
Source: MMNHP.
374
Illustration 52.
Washstand, Una's Room. Part of a bedroom suite
that belonged to DL.
Source: MMNHP.
376
Illustration 53.
Hawthorne washstand, Salem c. 1820-1840. This
matches a Salem chest of drawers in the Concord
Historical Society.
Source: MMiMHP.
378
Illustration 54,
Bureau, Una's Room, c. 1970.
Source: MMNHP.
380
Illustration 55.
Daniel Lothrop bust, bronze, by S. Kitson,
Hawthorne Parlor.
Source: MMNHP.
382
Illustration 56,
Framed rubbing. Negative 3.
Source: MMNHP.
384
Illustration 57,
"Whittier and the Children."
Source: MMNHP.
386
Illustration 58,
Print of "Columbus."
Source: MMNHP.
388
Illustration 59,
HML's Wagner display.
Source: MMNHP.
390
Illustration 60.
Illustration by Hermann Heyer of Polly Pepper when
she believed that she was going blind.
Source: MMNHP.
392
Illustration 61
Bed, Una's Room, c. 1970.
Source: MMNHP.
394
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Illustration 62.
Barn, site of HML's pageants, c. 1965
Source: MMNHP.
396
FLOORPLANS AND ELEVATIONS
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APPENDIX A
Chronological List of Occupants
of the Wayside
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APPENDIX B
Newspaper Accounts of the Wayside,
1886-1916
419
BOSTON EVENING TRANSCRIPT, JULY 24,1386
A PHILOSOPHICAL PIC-XIC. I,
A delightful interlude in the sessions of
the Concord School of Philosophy was a gar-
den party, or, as it was humorously entitled
by some of the participants, a philosophical
picnic, given Thursday afternoon hy Mrs. D.
Lythrop, wife ef the well-known Boston pub-
lisher, at her charming residence, "Way-
side/' the former home of Hawthorne. It
was an impromptu affair, suggested by some
of the younger sages, and all the more enjoy-
able on that account.
Since the death of Hawthorne, "Wayside"
has been a Mecca for American literary pil-
grims, and there are few who are not familiar
with at least the outside of the ancient and
picturesque dwelling, which, so fir as ap-
: p*>arance is concerned, Is exactly as the %
! famous author left it. It never had a more
, hospitable look than yesterday, when all its
doors stood open to greet the expected
visitors. The day wasyperfect, and the
terraced lawn at the left of the house,
which served as a grand out-door recep-
tion room, was amply shaded from the
rays of the sun by the wooded hill at the
back. At four o'clock the guests began to
arrive by twos and threes, and half an hour
later the lawn was covered with little groups,
the members of which dropped for the time"
their search for the unknowable, and entered
into the social spirit of the time with genuine
fervor. Among those present were Professor
William T. Harris of the School of Philo30
pby ; Frank B. Sanborn ; Hon. Stephen M. Al-
len, president of the Webster Historical Soci-
ety ; Rev. Frederick May Holland ; H. G. O.
Blake ; George B. Bartlett, the historian of
Concord ; d H. Nichols ; the venerable Miss
Elizabeth P. Peabody; Mrs. Whiton-Stone,
the poet; Mrs. Harriet A. Shattuck; Mrs
Maria S.Porter; Mrs. Elseffer, Mrs. Bigelow,
Mrs. Thompson of Cambridge ; Mrs. Davis
of Boston; Miss Webster of Boston; Mrs.
Wilcox, Mrs. Willard, Mrs. Preston; Miss
Wheildon of Concord; Miss Daly of New
York; Mrs. and Miss Mann; Miss Conway,
daughter of Moneure D. Conway; Miss Lom-
bard, Miss Kenyon, Miss Hastings and
others. '.".'.'.".'.' "'•'"'■ -
It was an eminently social gathering, and
almost every imaginable subject excepting
philosophy came up for discussion. Some
wandered through the old paths over the
hill and around the grounds; others went
still farther, and climbed the rather shaky
sfeps that led to the platform in Hawthorne's
pine, while those of more sedate age or of
constitutionally-tired habit kept their seats
or strolled about the lawn. Some one sug-
gested a recitation or two to vary the pro-
ceedings, and Mrs. Whiton-Stone gave three,
each different in character, with peculiar
effect. Miss Mann, who was for aomp time a
pupil of Joseffy, played, and Mr. "Nichols
sang. Mr. Bartlett then stated that under
the circumstances It would be a peculiarly
fitting thing that a poem, "The Minute
Man," written by the hostess of the occa-
sion, and published in the July number of
the Wide Awake, ,«hould be read. This sug-
gestion was warmly applauded, and the au-
thor having declined to appear as the reader,
Professor Harris was called upon, who ren-
dered it with unusual force and feeling. He
prefaced it by saying that he regarded it as a
poem of unusual strength, and that to him it
more adequately voiced the sentiment of the
time described than any other poem of re-
cent writing.
The poem is a terse and vigorous piece of
work, and stirs the heart like the beat of a
war drum. It is full of the spirit which in-
spired the "embattled farmers" on that event-
ful nineteenth -of April when the first blow
was struck for American freedom, and which
the poet crystallizes into the words—
"Let us stand our "round, and if we die, >
Praise GodJ we'll die right here I"
After the reading came more mu3ic,'and v
then an elegant lunch, with coffee and choc-
olate, was served on the lawn. Befcre sep-
arating, Mr. Frank B. Santorn extended the
thanks of the visitors to the host and hostess
of the occasion. Mr. Lothrop responded in
a happy speech, in which he said that he was
glad to see that the seers and prophets of the
famous Concord school were of like passions
and emotions with other people — a remark
which some of the ladies insisted had refer-
ence to their appetites at lunch. He paid a
compliment to the ins ti rut' m which they
represented, referring to our obligations to
the sages of the past, and expressing his
thankfulness that we still had them with us,
and that from their observations of the "eter-
nal spaces" we could have our eyes turned to
the stars by which we might guide our barks
aright. He closed by hoping that when
they bad done with all need of philosophy,
and were safely on the other shore, one of
their pleasantest reminiscences of the earth
they had left behind them might be the events
of the day just closing.
The occasion was one of perfect enjoyment
to all who took part, and a hope for its repe-
tition before the close of the season was-
many times ardently expressed. ^/r
420
BOSTON EVENING TRANSCRIPT, WEDNESDAY , JULY 31,1889
AT THE SUMMEB BESORTS.
lit OLD
CONCORD.
1 Klrthday Fete a*
Never was mort c'early Illustrated the triumph
uf e*iD»v»t purpose over circumstances or sur-
roundings than last Saturday. It was the til th
btrthdtv anni Ternary of the little daughter ol ilc.
D. Lothrop, sad preparations bad been made for
Its celebration by a garden fete, at tbe family
home at Wayside, to which a large number or chil-
dren and young people had been ioTited. A heavy
rain set in during the nigbt preceding, and by the
middle of tbe morning it became certain tbat it
was to last through the day. Preparations were
at once made to change tbe garden fete to an in-
door one, and the large rambling mansion and
quaint old bam were immediately utilized for
that purpose.
It will be remembered tbat Bronson Alcott lived
at Wayside until 1852, and here the cblldhood o r
Louisa and her sisters was spent. To eoin?o( tbe
younger guests this fact made the place more en-
joyable than because it was die bouse of Nath inlet
Hawthorne, and when they found ont that they were
"really and truly" to use tbe old barn, tbe scene of
the dramas enacted by Louisa and the other "Lit-
tle Women" their delight knew no boond*.
After a hasty improvisation to take tbe place of
the beautiful sweep of lawn and terrace, where the
f*te was to have been held, tbe barn was a gala
sight; there were flags and lanterns, there were
camp chairs under the hay lofts, while tbe old
barn floor filled all the requirements of tbe mod-
ern stage, and up above on tbe loft was Li Roche,
a young Indian from Hampton who, with his
violin, furnished music for the dancing. By
twelve o'clock, t be hour for assembling, it stormed
pitilessly, but carriages came from all direc-
tions and soon nearly one hundred guests were
gathered under the roof of Wayside.
The five arches wbich had been set up the after-
noon before on tbe lawn were taken down and sst
up in tbe barn, covered with evergreen and roses.
In front of each stood a young eirl, a, white rose
in ber band, waiting for the appearance of tbe
little maiden whose birthday was being cele-
brated. She came Into the barn slowly with un-
conscious grace and sweet demeanor and paused
before the first arch. Mr. B. F. Redfern of Bos-
ton then read the initial Terse of a birthday poem
written for the occasion. Passing through tbe
arch she received the rose from the bands of tbe
girl standing on its farther side, and in this way,
accompanied by the reading of tte venes.the suc-
cessive arches were passed and the rojes given— a
rose for each year— till as a finale a sixth verse
was read, wben five white ro:-es wera bound on
her "bonny bair." It was a rare spectacle of
lovely childhood nnspolled by a thought of self,
and from tbe minds of the onlookers the picture
of the little face with its clear eyes and pure, soft
outline and the dainty figure can never be efficed.
The poem, which was written by her mother, ap-
pears in another pert of the paper.
After this beautiful birtbdsy episode, the fl.ior
was cleared and all the guests, old and young,
danced simple, old-fashioned dances and played
musical games, tbe whole superintended by Miss
Ellen Emerson. Then the breathless and happy
dancers were seated and became the audience,
while Mothtr Goose and her children took posses-
sion of the old barn floor, and such a merry party
as it was! The characters were capitally designed
and done to the life. The hostess, who made her-
self one of the children during tbe day, as Mother
Goose, with her long cloak, steeple hat, spectacles
and staff, led the procession under the colored
way from the house to the barn, followed by ber
numerous children in ;os ume, Ll-tle Miss Mnfflt,
Little Boy blue, Simple Simon, Tommy Tucker,
Misiress Mary, Old Woman at Banbury Cross,
Jack and Oil], Cinderella, Little Red Rldlngboad
and a score of others. Here each wai appro-
priately introduced to tbe andience by Mr. An-
drews of Lincoln, who read the rhyme associated
with the character. An Immense shoe Obtain-
ing the Old Woman and her numerous progeny
created a great deal of amusement. There were
songs by Bliss Clarke and Mr. Redfern, and wee
Samuel Bowles, the three-year-old grandson of
E. Rockwood Hoar, standing on the piano, recited
two quaint bits that won all hearts.
After marching around the supper table tbe
company dispersed to scatter over the different
rooms of the old boase, there to be seated by little
tables, while some of Concord's fairest daughters
served tbe feast. We noticed in tbe old bail two
long rows of little children, and peeping into the
library there were merry groups where the great
romancer used to sit and read Walter Scott's
novels to bis children.
And then what a birthday cake It was, with Its
five candles and its flowers! What a march, as
all the children encircled it, and how gravely tu j
little flve-year-old maiden passed tbe knife through
Its whit* surface, cutting the first piece, Every
child bad a portion and a flower, and tien
marched back again for tbe songs and dances,
or for merry games with ring-toss, batcle-
door and bean bag] upon the broad piazza.
Notes.
W. K. Vanderbilt arrived at Bar Harbor Tues-.
^
421
\
R
cat,
"JUST FITS JBAJtS OLD TODAY.'
MAROaRET MOXFO&D L'-THBOr.
July 37, 1884-1880. .
Five years ago a little child * .
Came down to earth; ' ' ' '■ "'
That joyous summer morn
A white rose marked Its blith.
Smile, little baby!
Love watches o'er thee ;
White is the path ' '
That reaches before thee.
Dream in thy prefy sleep —
Take, little baby, this rose.
D.
Two little toddling feet,
Sturdy and strong;
Bo tired when nightfall comes,
And sleepj-by song.
On little feet, another day greets thee— ■
'Jake, little one, this rose.
m.
How merry the day when one is three!
Tbe birds sing it over, . ,--
And tbe bees in tbe clover
Hum gayly the secret— our baby is threel
Hey, little daffydowndllly, . -
Rose-colored clouds are sailing the s*,y;
Tripping feet pass on tbe tall moadow grass—
Take, little child, this rose.
rv.
A newer hintof childish grace;
A little change In the baby faoe;
A little letting down of tucks,
And many sweet surprises,
Mark daily bow our baby Blip*
From tender band and longing llpa, .
And in her stead there rises
Something bonny and sweet and fair-
Take, wee girlie, this rose.
V., r
Bf nd flowers, and let ber pass;
She is coming this way -- -'
On happy feet, her joy to greet
This blcss*d festal day—
Tate, little maiden, this rose.
r.uu.
At la<t the five are all complete,
Birthdays j jyous and gay and sweet;
Birthdays to bind .n a rosy chain,
Never to part from the years again.
Bind them fast on the bonny bair
Of i<D! wee maiden standing there—
Jutt five years old todajl
Mask D. Loinnor (Margaret Sidney).
Wayiidt, Concord.
A CHABSnNO AFFAIR.
Garden rart'x Given at The Wayside.
A mast delightful garden parry was given at
The Wayside, Concord, on Tuesday afternoon, by
Mrs. Daniel Lothrop, in honor of Mr. and Mrs.
Joseph Wilde of Bay RidgerL. I., guests, for the .
Time, of Mr. ana Mrs. Lothrop. No more beaati
toT place for an occasion of the kind can be
Imagined than this picturesque villa, with' its
broad piazzas and shaded Lawn, and "its adjacent
forest walks, round which yet linger associations
t>f their former owner and frequenter, the gentle
^t" 1 lamented "Hawthorne. Since Mr. Lolhrop
came into possession of the estate a feature has
been made of these annua! gatherings, and noth-
ing had been spared to render them occasions to
be remembered. They have been thoroughly in-
formal, and, on that account, the more enjoyable.
The day was cool and bracing, an agreeable
'ehaog8 In the veither which 'm'l preceded it.
Chairs and cushions were scattered over the iawii,
while the white-covered little tables, tbe pile ot
plates in a secluded corner and rhe jingle of forks
and spoons were pleasantly suggestive to those
whose hurry to eatca the trains had shortened
their, home" lcnch-iioie. The grand piano. had
been snored out upon the piazza 1n front of' the
lawn, and clusters ol roses bestowed here and
there gave a gayly-deeoratedlookto the surround-
ings. «-Xtfoer o'clock ihe guests began to arrive
ana were .received by the hast and hostess, who
introduced them in tarn to Mr. and Mrs. Wilde.
Among thos^wuo were -prssenr, residents of the
town, were- Professor w. T. Harris and family,
M<?. I!ihci.«<.u *.(. Miss Ellen Eaerson, Frank tk
Sanborn, George B. Bartlett aDd family, Mrs.
Edward Hoar, Rev. Frederick West Holland.
Judge Brooks and family, the family of George
Heywood, Mr. Munroe. Mr. and Mrs. E. Damon
and family. Mr. and Mrs. Bianchard and Misses
Hosmer, Richardson. Pierce. Simmons, Fritchard
and McClure. Of the more promineut guests from
Boston were Mrs. Henrv D. Hyde, Mr. and Mrs. B.
F. Redfern, Mrs. Kate Gannett Wells, Mr. and
Mrs. Elbriclge E Brooks. Colonel Stone and Mrs.
WMton-Stone. Mr. H. Batterworth of the Youth's
Companion. Mrs. Cora St-oxt Wheeler, Mr. M. B.
Mason, Mrs. C. N. Smith, the Mis3es Ellis, Mrs.
Chase, Mrs. Bailey, Mr. and Mrs. Bolton. Mrs.
Julia A. Eastman, the well-known authoress, was
present, with a party from Wellesley College, and
there were, also, Be v. and Mrs. Fullerton from
WaJtham, and Mr. and Mrs. Andrews from
Lincoln.
The mnsjcal part of the entertainment was un-
usually tine. Mr. Redfern Sing several songs
with capital effect, and Mrs. Redfern, who is a
pupil of Mjs. Sherwood, played charmioeiy.
Miss White, a graduate of Wellesley, delighted air
hearers by her exquisite singing, and Miss Tufts,
another of the tair daughters of Wellesley, ac-
companied her admirably on the piano. Asa
variation in the informal programme, Mr. San-
born called upon Professor Harris to give what
he called "Mis. Lothrop's favorite poem." This
? roved to be Emerson's "Day*," which was felici-
ously read, with the interpretation. Mrs. Kate
Gannett Wells then read two beautiful poems
from the pen of hi r brother, Rev. Dr. Gannett.
Following, came salads, strawberries and creaa.
and coffee, and a season of jollity, which was all
too soon interrupted by the a/rival of the barges,
which were to carry a portion of the guests to
the train. Those who remained gathered around
the Mazing open Are fn the sitting-:o3m, quitting
It for the later train with regret.
That Stolen Clothing.
The police of Division. B have learned that the
clothing that was found In tbe possession of four
men who were arrested while trying to pawn It,
Wednesday, was stolen from the stable of John
Keefe, 10 Randolph street. Keefe is an express-
man, and had the goods to delWer.
V>
422
/Wp-i t-'*?°
THE HOME JOURNAL,
Wayside" Festival.
A unique affair occurred last Saturday, July
26, in Old Concord. Mass., at the Wayside, the
former home of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It was
the birthday celebration of the little daughter
of Mr. Daniel Lothrop, the Boston publisher,
■who now owns Wayside, using it as his sum.
mer residence.
The fete, which was to have been on the
spacious lawns and terraces of the Wayside
estate, was held, on account of the storm which
prevailed all day, in the quaint rambling
house and barn which many years ago was the
scene depicted in "Little Women," of the
dramas enacted by Louisa and her sisters, Mr.
Alcott owning Wayside till 1852, when he sold
it to Mr. Hawthorne. The tower (built by Mr.
Hawthorne in happy memory of his Italian
life) was filled with merry little ones who were
playing games with great zest; the kindly
smile and magnetic eye of the great romancer
bending upon them from the portrait over the
high mantel, as if he too would join them with
all his heart.
A collation was served by Concord's fairest
maidens to the large company, among whom
were many distinguished people. The pro-
gramme for the afternoon began with the barn
for a stage and audience-room, A dialogue
written by the hostess was pleasingly ren-
dered by ten young people, and was followed
by the pilce de resistance, the " Birthday
Episode," in which Father Time and the little
child, whose birthday was being celebrated,
and a group of young girls participated ; the
little one being crowned with a wreath of six
white rosebuds by the one who " has brought
me another birthday."
Dancing in the barn and on the broad
verandas followed, in which all the guests, old
as well as young, took part, until five o'clock
brought the fete to a close. Then the ca-
pricious sun came forth and shone on Con-
cord's peaceful meadows. But nothing could
have been more beautiful than the rainy day
birthday fete at Wayside. B.
423
• ' ' '
TPLipii; AT "WAYSIDE."
Reception Given by Mr. and
Mrs. D. Lothrop a£ Concord.
t
f"V .; '«. " V>- ■ . . ■ ..•'.•-"-*■-'.
A Brilliant Scene at the Old Houw-
• tead— Local Grand Army JPost Re»
r
celved by ih* Dlitlnculthed Xa&t—
H4
, YThlttler Sends a Poem — Notable
y Gotiti Who Were Present.
\_ "Wayside." with all Its beauties, and all Ita
* traditions, "was never more beautiful than It
f was yesterday, on the occasion of the recep-
l tion given to Mrs. Logan by Mr. and Mrs. D.
* JLothrop at Concord. The bouse was opened
* from too to bottom, and the visitors filled It i
ana overflowed Into tbe lawn, where tables .
were set laden with all good things, and!
Chalrs~and rawn cushions were placed. The'
bouse was decorated with gotdenrod, irs^
large vases, set everywhere, tbe hostess wore
a large bunch of goldenrod as a corsage boo-,
qoet, and the ushers each wore ■ a!
bit of this gay flower In their button-?
hole, tied with a knot of yellow ribbon.]
The guests bezan to arrive at a little after'
fc 3, although the hour set was 4. They were j
S f received on the lawn by Mr. and Mrs. J
LothroD, Mxi. Loean, Mr, John A. Logan. ■
Jr., Mrs. Jonn A Logan, Jr.. Mrs. Alger, '
. Miss Alirer, and later by Miss Ellen Emerson, i
' who joined the receiving party when the re-
' ception was about half over. They were pre-
sented by the following eentlemen, who acted
as ushers: Mr. William Bennett, Mr. Richard
Wood. Mr. Will Smith, Mr, Georee How.
Mr. Harry How, Mr. Fay Haywood. After
t.the guests were presented ihey were served
F with refreshment. Mrs. Wtlltem T. Harris i
*nresldlne over the chocolate. Mrs. Edward 8.
LHotr over tbe coffee, and the following,
"young 'ladles acting as waiters: Miss
' Margaret Blanchard, Miss Helen Blancnard. j
Miss Alice Damon. Miss Fanny Rotfe. Mist ;
Gertrude Todd, Miss Belle Wheeler, Miss}
Nellie Linley.MIss Edith Harris. Miss Lillian 1
how. Miss CaruUle Benson, Miss Mary Bart-!
, lett. Miss Margaret Long. Miss Putnam and *
'Miss Goodwin. - *'
t About 3:30 the sound of approaching drums
f was heard, heralding the auproach of the old
' Concord post 130, E. T. Phelps commanding. '.
They marched In. were presented to Mrs,
' Logan, and were given seats near the plana,
■ where the literary exercises were to take
plaoe. By decrees the people .
i Grouped Thfmielrei on thr Iawh.
''while on the piazza were seated Hon. John;
D. Long, Mrs. Loean, ReT, A P. Peabody/
Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, Mrs. Abhy Morton \
Diaz, Rev. S. F. Smith, Dr. A E. Wlnsblp;
and Mr. and Mrs. Lothrop. Mr.lLong, whos« ;
duty It was to preside, made a most graceful j
SDeeeb of welcome, and Introduced Rev. 8. F.*
Smith, who told tue storv of how he ami* to,
write "America." Alter be had told his story, •
the orchestra played the hymn, and the audi- r
ence Joined In sluglng. rlswe at they did so. ,
Gov. Long then read the followlna letter and •
poem from John G. Whittier: }
Gum Acm. o» tos Pucu»()ri, \ .*
Eliot, Me., Ao|. L 1890. f \
Dear Mrs. Lothrop: It would give ine great pleat- ]
ore to eccept tbj clod Invitation to meet at jeur j
"Wayside." Mti. Logan, a lady for w:u'DS I here ,
lb* highest respect, not only for be rsell personally, t
bol a» the life eoniiiamou of t breve ana noble mea, -
V
.*--
♦
' ' ■'.'- ■ | ' M < ' < g l -
- ./> - ' .OJJH COUHTK
Oar thought of thee !« clad with hope,
n. Dear country of ooi lore and prayers;
. Thy way la down no fatal slops,
, " ' Bat up to freer «ua and alia.
Tried a» or furnace Urea, and yet, '
- - By Ood'ii grace, onlr atroncer made. ■
In future taaka before thee aet ", -
* Tnon ahalt not laot the old-dma aid. - '« ■
" ttw fatben eleep. bat men remain
A» true, a* wise and brave aa they.
V> by count the loa* withoot the gaiaf - '
The beet la— that we hare today.
Ko lack was In tby primal stock:
Ko weakitn; founders budded here 1 ; •
Thine were the men of Plymouth Hook,
The Puritan and Cavalier. ,
And they whose flrm endurance gained
■•- . The freedom of tte souii of men. i
Whose bunds unstained In peace maintained,
- „ Tbe boundleas commonwealth of Pens. '
And thine shall be the power of all
— To do tbe work that dnty bide, - ''
And make the people's conncil tiall ■ .
-~ A» lasting as the Pyramids,
Thy lesson eQ the world shah loarn,
Tbe nations at thy feet shall tit,
Earth's farthest mountain tops shall bora
With, watch- fl rp» aom tbj own upllt.
. Great without seeking to be great -• , .
By fraud or conquest; rich In gold." - - -■""
r Bnt richer In the large estate
• ?/ , Of Tlrtue, wblch thy chil Jrun hold.
"With peace that comes of pnrlrr, " . <
-J" And strength to simple Justice doa, .."-!._'■
8o runs our loyal dream of the* ■•
God of oux fathers! ilate It trne. . .
OK land of lands; to thee we give
Onr love, our trust, our service free, " , '
Jot thee tby sons shall nobly lire.
And at thy need shall dia lor thee. ...
This was followed by a s*!e«Ion from
Elizabeth Smart Piielps Ward, •'The Unseen
Comrades." beautifully read by Dr. A. K. .
WmshlD. Dr. A. P. Peaboay made a short
address, and Dr. Holmes' poem. "Brother
Jonathan to Sisier Caroline," was read. At ,
this Juncture tne guesrs, who hud to catch '
the 6:30 train, departed, and
Amonc Them Went Gov. 7_rfrait i
and Mrs. Jnlla Ward Howe, who was to have
read hex "Battle Hymn of the' P.epubllc;" but
^ was oumpelled to go away. The rest of the
t proeramme Included the reading by Dr.
• Wlnship, who assumed the duties of chalr-
j_man, of Margaret Sydney's (Mrs. Lothrop)
! poem. "The Minute Man." a reading by
j Mrs. Ahby Morton Diaz on Plymouth town,
i HDd a lively little address of thanks by Mrs.
• Locan, fn.ll of. heart and tenderness.'
• lu bidding the guests farewell Dr. Wlnship
\ said: "For this, for ibis hour, this deed, this
: guest, this ncpltallry. we are truly grateful;
^good-by." A lew last words with Mrs. Loean.
r and thanks to the hostess, and the guests
I went whirling away lrom hosoitable Way-
I side, carrying away thepleasantest memories
.' of a perfect Aucust oay, made more perfect
, by the graclousness aud kindliness of the
' chief guest and tbe spirit of the home,
winch every one felt. Amonz the guests
were : * ■ * - "
Mrs. Chamberlain Poor. -
Mr. 8dnir.pl Boar. ■
Mrs. .Samuel Hoar. i
'.Miss Llbrlla B alley. |
use memory wlU be We]>t green forever In the j
— , owing to*
_ ^^ v y_OBJI Q. WRlTTtKa
American heart. 1 cannot be with you, owing
my state of health, but 1 send some lines that mi;
not eeem Inappropriate. I ain. vrry trn)
ilrs. Oen. Al^er.
Miss Alger.
Mr. Jonn Logan. Jr.
, Mrs.Xocan. Jr.
, Dr. A. P. Peabody.
Miss Peabody,
' Mrs. E. c Whltoci Stone.
, Mrs. Julia Ward Howa
i Judge Wentworia.
' Mrs. Wentworth. .
r Mrs. L. A. W. fowler.
Mr. MlcahDyer, Jr.
Mrs. Mlcah liyer. Jr.
Mrs. Cora Stuart Wbeeler.
Hon. Georire Herwood.
MaJ. J. li. Wood.
Eomer E. Lee of Kev
Tork.
Capt. David Scott, of m.
Inola,
Miss Rlrton of Kentucky.
Mr. willim U. Lee,
Sirs, W!ll„%m II. Lee.
Mr. B. 1) Coolldra.
M ra. U. IX CooUdge.
Charles P. Eastman.
Her. g. F. Smtta.
Mr.lleeeklabBetterwTjrta •
Miss franoea Dyer. .
Miss Ellen Emerson.
Mrs. Abbv Morton LHas.
Bev. A E. Wlnahln,
Capt W. H. Piexrepont of :
Connectlcnt.
Mrs. W. B. Flerrepoirt. •
Mrs. Edward Boby ef J
Chicago.
Mra Annie B. White of 2
Chi cage.
Mrs. Oeorse !^. HatL
Hon. W. W. Wbellden.
MUs Alice Wlieddea.
Xts. Joha G. Webstex.
Mr. D. O. HeatH.
Mrs. D. G. Heath. ,
Sir. slhler. t
Mrs. Millar. i
Miss i-.lia, «
: _5
424
SoCTOfe^P'ilLr^^VERTIgE^ FUtBA? MORyTNg/V AUGUST 15, 1890.
r^AWTHORNFS HOME.
MRS.
.' *i
LOGAJT RECEIVED IN
f'THE WAYtsIDE."
A Brilliant Gathering ' at Old Concord to
Honor the Heroine of the Encampment
—Welcome bf Ex-Goy. Lone - A Po»m
From Mr. Wh:ttier— Other Exordia*.
Concord, Aug. 14 — [Speciaf.] — The
farooos town of Concord awoke from its
dream of the past today, threw aside for
a time its revolutionary memories and
relics and devoted itself, heart and soul,
to the entertainment of its distinguished
'ffuest. Mrs. Gen. Logaa. Mrs. Loeran ar-
rived In the morning, » n d was immedi-
ately driven to the residence of her host,
Mr.' and Mrs. Daniel Lothrop. A short
time afterward she was taken to. drive and
shown the many historical and memorable
spots iu which, that region abounds.
In the afternoon a reception was given
in ber honor at "The Wayside,*' the Lex-
ington road residence of the Lothrops. Ex-
tensive preparations had been made for
this event, and it proved to be one of the
best condncted and most snecessfal gath-
erings ef its kind ever held at'Concord.
"The Wayside" is' a residence teeming
with literary memories and reminiseenses,
and its every part is cherished and re-
vered. Here Hawthorne lived and wrete,
and here was the birthplace of those liter-
ary giants, "The Marble Faun" and "The
Scarlet*Letter'' ; here the writings of Al-
cott were made and their thoughts sugges-
ted ; here Emerson walked and thought,
and amid this environment his school of
philosophy was founded. ■>
Thehouse had been tastefully and appro-
priately trimmed with bunting and tiags
in honor of the event, and the floral decora-
tions were numerous and varied. About
the spacious grounds and well kept lawn
had heen placed chairs and tables, and in
the shady walks of the grove benches had
takea th»ir station in the moat romantic
spots. The guests were met on their en-
trance'and escorted te and introduced to the
host and their distinguished guests by a
very capable oorps of nsbers, consisting
of William Barrett, C. H. ffevweod,
E. F. Wood, A. P. Howe, H. F. Smith, jr.,
Q. C How and W. L. Smith. The guests
were received by Mrs. Lothrop, Mrs. Gen.
Logan, little Miss Margaret Lothrop, Mr.
Lothroo, Mrs. J. A. Logan, jr.,' Mr. John
A. Logan, jr., Mrs. Gen. Alger and Miss
Alger, in the order named. The whole
ceremony of introduction took place upon
thelawn, and was conducted in a perfect
manner, there being a dellghtlul mingling
of courtesy and formality. ' , v
A large table in front of the house bore
a delicious collation, and from this place
the refreshments were borne to the various
tables scattered over the lawn. The part
of waitresses for the occasion was taken by
a bevy of the most charging and promi-
nent society young ladies of the place,
who performed their arduous duties in a
most creditable manner, and comprised
the Misses Gertrude Todd, Margaret
Blanehard, Alice Damon, Fannie Kolfe,
Belle Wheeler, Millie Under, Edith Har-
Jlliaa How, Camilla Benson, Helen
khard, Margaret Long, Grace Putnam,
|ie Good wis mn d May Bartlett. An
•tra from Boston was stationed near
rove and gave a most delightful con-
bf vail selected music . . .. ., \ r ,
XvAJ about 5 o'clock a very choice literary
X'tm? ramxne was commenced, with the
;^ndj ors seated on the lawn and the spoak-
fjjpr^ 'eaders and gnests of honor upon the
l*«« u The first to address the audience
^sriii one of his characteristic, appropriate
»*' Ui -3..hes was ex-Gov. Long. He said that
eh id been requested to call the audience
1 to ofder, although the sweet disorder that
f thenVprevailed ought te he heaven's first
I 'law. We have all taken part in the cele-
ffcrat on to the heroes of the war, yet it
|f»ras* let war,bat the "Beginning of peace,
/ xhe" >eaee of the union of united states.
*Theh)emories were glorious, the reminis-
cences sweet, the soldier was still yeung
* through the immortality of service. One
Vof the pleasantest features of this" notable
*Veel that we will recall will be this
swe« and quiet scene? We are gathered
j.'herito do henor to a lady whose name is
^4jn'i2iym.oas with that of the greatest of
^olahteer generals. And we call to mind
["thisT afternoon that this same shade
thaV we enjoy sheltered Alcott, Baw-
£ thorp, e and Emerson. And we have come
r-todo honor to our country and fatherland,
'"for" 'this hour, with its association and
J" dedication, is typical of our great country.
ir GJrr Long then introduced Dr. S. F.
^ : Smith, the author of the hymn "America."
r~-J[>r. Smith gave an account of the origin of
^4he""hymn, telling how its idea came
.^through the melody of the English "God
i Save the King," and how unexpected by
him was its success. He said that it was
' not his fault t bat it was well known, for
the people had put it forward while he re-
' mained in the unsuspecting background.
1 A letter was read from J. G. Whittier
in which he expressed his regret at not
being able to ba present, and enclosing a
poem written by him especially for this
occasion. The poem was as follows : —
Ol'B COUNTET.
Our thonphr of thee is glad with hope
Dear country of our love and prayers,
Thy way Is down no fatal slope
But up to freer sun and airs.
Tried as by furnace fires, and yet
By God's srace only stronger made,
Iu futurr tasas before ttiec set
Thou shall not lacfc tiie old time aid.
ie fathers sleep, bnt men remain
AS True, as wise and brave a? tliey :
why count the loss without the gain?
The test ts that we have today.
"^o'laefc witsan thy primal stock ;1 «
2^6 weaiiinclonnaen* builued here,
, Thin* were tSe rueD of Plymouth Hock.
To* Fnritah aid Cavalier.
i And torv whose firm endnranee gained
fTh* Ixipiiom orjtie souls of men.
'•■Whose hands unstained in ueaer maintained
The swerdless commonwealth of pen.
And thtne shall » the power oE all
! to do the work Umt duty bids,
^Apxi matte the peoble's council hill
^£ listing as tte Aramlds.
T3 % lesson all the world shall Team,
Tlh^nallonieAt Ojyf**t shall sit.
Ka.rt.0* farthest ntooutaln tops shall bum
-Willi waich fires tro*A tniue own upllt.
tlreat .withour seeki'nl to be great
'By tnujdor-coJi(|Dest;\rich In told.
But rV;h« fn. the (axaeVst '*te
>£Of Tlr;'v\e wtweli tkj cli&Jren hold;
JSUH peA«tUat *ootnes\' purity.
Aid rtreura* *»eliuirfe Jt nice uue,
3» runs «nr JincaJ dream at thee,
Om « oGr (sthejii! roat4 It true.
Of\1aud o/ t£n"Vf to theeVv e cl»e
Out love. *rtc*rt:>t. $>\r Bcl^uce tree,
; Foi*jthoe t t| .5-tfi4 fccatJ boUy li\e,'
! Anusut^fe^-d^h'li idle for thee.
Jour
Mft^TS^OTn^Jp^rSie. editor ^of the
)urai1 at i *JLdaca.ii *i-', , "r4ad the "I'nseeD
Co»iWee'^hit : ^lttahe?i Stuart Pholps,
Dr. l^rtS?><rf , "j' L * <l4 a iE^t address in
' which he sai^*lt*t.w'heii h\ was a senior
■ in college Dr.-jFottto. was sTlfroshinan, and
a despised one afloat. It was lucky that
4 we have h»»n' gi*«* 'the, «hportcnicy to
learn the true or^T% J >o^thfsr\Treat hymn.
I I have hsard ^it ia^eVery' Yand, and its
iweetness is dcbbled . when Beard away
from home. Itt wis ioag"Sri^i the most
iffect that I kno^j of ata cegt^ church in
St, Louis just after V** "em\ncipatian
proc'laniatioqiJ That litthj fresfiman that
I despised has nfled a gfc.at pTilce In'the
world, snd I humbly, bow.heflre him.
But I am no boy, aid if I t;»f» J°\ 0>0 °f
mv us nal v prose coniposiiion* xbe .^dteece
would scatter like tBagie s 'andtny*part in
1 the programme racstse ihnf*. C*. . *
Gov. Long remarked to th^'' ftiiSlience
that they must remerijoer th .:hi 'iillor In
Dr. Teabody's time w.-ta no hi;-,jer tlae a
freshman is »ow. He- then- r^iU «ot^e of
li.-.rriet Prescott* Spoflc.rd'3 Tet»f?, "!^;co-
ration Day'' and "Altai Fi?*<,5 that'! he
had selucted from her writtog^
occasion. V X ~-
Dr. Holmes sent a letter of 5t5i
with it the poem, ( 'Joahthan*a
| : ._
B
Over Sister Caroline," which was written
before the war actually came to pass, and
this was read by Mr. Winship.
James Russell Lowell sent his regTets.
Abby Morton Diaz read selections from
her writings on the Puntas, and Mr. Win-
ship read "The Minute Man." Gen.
Alger was to have delivered an address,
but was unable to be present.
Mr. Winship then introduced Mrs. Logan
in a very happy manner, in the course of
which he said that the greatest thing that
Gen. Logan ever did was when ho selected
his wife. Mrs. Logan delivered a few
appropriate remarks, expressing her
sincere appreciation and gratification at
the courtesies and attention extended to
her. She eulogized Hawthorne and his
works in glowing termi, and said that she
now ceased to wonder at hie greatness
when he was inspired by snch scenes. She
paid ex-Gov. Long a splendid compliment,
telling of the high opinion of him that her
husband had, spoke in enthusiastic terms
} of her hostess, and said that the residence
of the Hawthornes bad fallen into most
worthy hands. During the programme the
orchestra at intervals played patriotic
airs, and tho exercises concluded with the
entire audience rising and singing
"America."
Post 140 of Concord, E F. Phelps, com-
mander, attended in a body, and among
the prominent guests, not heretofore men-
tioned, were the following : Mr. and Mrs.
W. H. Lee, Treasurer A. S. Covles, Hon.
R. F. Barrett, Thov Todd, Edward Palmer,
chief engineer of the squadron of evolu-
tion, Dr. G. E. Titcomb and wife, Prof. W.
T. Harris, H. A Smith and wife, Mrs.
Samuel Hoar, Hon*. Geo. Hevwood, Miss
Peabodv, Julia Ward Howe, Maj. J.
R Wood, Capt. David Scott, Dr. Holland,
Mr. J. H. Jones, Dr. Putnam. Miss Rixton, i
Mrs. Webster, W. M. Prichard, H. D.
Coolidge and wife, Mrs. Hazeltine, Mr. C.
H. Eastman, Mrs. L. C. Whiton-Stone. W.
W. Whirldon, Miss Emerson, H. J. Cool-
idije and wife, Homer E Lee, Capt. W. H.
Pierpoint
425
i
*"' ..."
o
:,-*- *i«\*** -
P3-.
RECEPTION BY MRS. LOTHROP.
"Wayside." at Concord, Thrown Open
to Emerson School Members.
The following from Sunday's Boston
Herald will be of special interest In this
city, the gifted and noted author spok-
en of being a daughter of the late Ma-
jor Sidney M. Stone, of this city, and
her girlhood days having been spent in
this city:
The reception given by Mrs. Daniel
Lothrop (Margaret Sidney) at "Way-
side,," Concord, Mass., la B t Wednesday
afternoon, was a very unique as well as
beautiful occasion. The reception was
given in honor of the Emerson memori-
al school, now in session at old Concord .
to meet whose members Mrs. Lothrop
Invited her friends among the represen-
tative people of Concerd.
• "Hillside Chapel," the old home of the
Concord school of philosophy (now
owned by Mrs. Lothrop, had been the
scene of a meeting, beginning at three
426
o'clock, devoted to "Reminiscence
Emerson/*." whore*« nad gathered
largest audience, of the .course of >
tares. And at the close at this n <
fng the assembly adjourned to "V^
side" grounds, walking over the I
mous "Larch path, opened by Nat i
lei Hawthorne, and . bordered by i
larches he brought from England.
The grounds, at "Wayside" are |
mous for their beauty, as well at ;
thejr choice literary associations >i
traditions.". The historic "Ridge." u
seventy feet high, sweeps down
wealth of foliage-to the lawn, ltseil :
raced, that Is, senrd-circuular in 1 j
making an" amphitheater of renu ]
ble adaptation for such a scene as 1
presented on Wednesday to those t
tunate enough to view It
Mrs. Lothrop and her husband,
eminent publisher, here held many t
rary gatherings. They, gave, mtk
others, the "philosophical picnics |
the school of philosophy,' reunions t
were affectionately recalled by so? <
the speakers' of .Wednesday last a'
most unique In their remembrance
The remainder of the literary ex> :
es from the "chapel programme" j
given from the spacious piazza, t
Its arches of woodbine, the auc «
room being the terraced lawns, wit i
adjacent pine groves. Among c r
butions from Mr. Sanborn and o 3
Mrs. Lothrop ead a letter wrltte
Una Howthorne, describing a pei .c
interview with Mr. Emerson, and
by Rose Hawtborne, to whom It
been written.
"Wayside'* mansion' was thrown «
to the guests. Hawthorne's stui «
the tower, was hung with brand !
the fragrant pine, drooping over f|
thorne's standing desk, and ent\
his portrait above the mantel. T
staircase and walls below were <
with the same fragrant growth !
forest, where Hawthorne wandee
ly as he wrought out his marvelo
mances, slowly pacing back and i
on the "Ridge."
In the large apartment on th
floor, with its seven-gabled wit 3
the bay window . was entwined
pine, and in this beautiful settln :
that remarkable bronze bust of >
Lothrop, modelled, by the sculpU
son, that attracted so much at( •<
when exhibited at the Boston A-
seum some years ago. The lnsc I
beneath, written by his friend <
years, Edward Everett Hale, Is c
strong and beautiful:, "Daniel I- I
was the founder of the house of )
throp Company. An American t' r
and through, he ' repre?ents An -
eduucation at Us best."
"Wayside" mansion has a larg>
bling interior of the pattern of i
English house. The addition* "m '
Bronson Alcott, who owned It fn i
to.lS52, and those of Hawthorn ,
bought the estate from Alcott ! )
were made without alteration I
original structure. It thervfor
sents the unique rvsult of the < •
architecture andu, that of th«
modern periods, which Ilawthoi •
!sh»>d by adding 1U» now fan
world-known tow»r Mudy To
at will In this old r.-.anslon i ■■ I •
Its grounds afforded i;.-rat J- '..•>> '
members of the ITr.irvn •:. ■'■
school, many of whom In 1 > : :
n great dlJiarc* to attend t'u d •
kvturrs. A bandsom* dial;, i
s;.r*ad on the liwn. *€r»ed by '. W
res*J ■' Jlivj of O^l-corC* ai fat I'
r
k
SEPTEMBER 20, 19tLb
rPersonais
PERSONALS
IK>IU> ASD LADY ABERDEEX GITCSTS
.'Mrs. Daniel Lothrap Enterliln ing tHs-
tlnipilihed Visitors at "The Way-
side," Concord
j Lord and Lady Aberdeen are guests
j of Mrs. Daniel Lothrop ("Margaret Sld-
. ney") at "The- Wayside," Mrs. LothrQp's
i home in Concord, which formerly was
that of Hawthorne. Mrs. Lothrop's dis-
tinguished guests reached Concord on
Tuesday and will remain there with* their
hostess until Thursday. They are all old-
time friends. In their honor, Mrs.
Lothrop arranged a gathering for this
afternoon at "Hillside Chapel," the place
made noted by the Concord School of
Philosophy, which held Its meetings there
In the open. Mrs. Lothrop planned a
programme to Include addresses by Lord
Aberdeen and Lady Aberdeen, also by
Governor McCall, and Frank. B. Sanborn,
the last survivor of the original members
of the School of Philosophy. Mrs.
Lothrop also is among the _ speakers.
Those Invited were asked to go after-
ward to /'The Wayside" for an Informal
receptlon_on the lawn, in honor of Lord
and Lady Aberdeen, with tea served in-
doors. Mrs. Lothrop's Invitations went
chiefly to men and wome'n noted in liter-
ary circles.
J
427
Authors' Club at "Wayside";
► , '" Some Other Notes
The Boston Authors' Club was en-
tertained Wednesday afternoon by
Mrs. Daniel Lothrop and Miss Loth.-
rop at The "Wayside, Hawthorne's
home in Concord. Appropriate ad- '
dresses were made by Judge Robert.
Grant, Mr. Charles Francis Adams'
and Mr. Frank Sanborn. Some thera;
were the Rev. William H. van Allen, j
Mrs. Grant, Mrs. and the Misses Mc->
j Call, Dr. Benjamin Rand, Dean and '
Mrs. Hodges. Mrs. Marc Kellner, Prof,
and Mrs. Dallas Love Sharpe. Mr.
and Mrs. Carlton Noyes. Mrs. Jo-
sephine Peabody Marks, Mr. and Mrs.
Calne, Mrs. Burt G. Wilder. Prof, and .
Miss Muensterberg, Dr. Edmund von
Mach, Mhss Margaret Morse, Mr. and
Mrs. William Dana Crcutt, Mr. and
Mrs. H. Addlngton Bruce, Miss Helen
Clarke and Mrs. Abbi« Farwell
Brown. •-
428
APPENDIX C
Room-by-Room Inventory, The Wayside,
October 1914
429
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APPENDIX D
Room-by-Room Inventory, The Wayside
May 1, 1915
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485
AWNINGS REPORT
This report was commissioned to determine the appropriateness of
exterior awnings at the Wayside. In 1981, there was a set of awnings
in the Wayside's attic. Park employees wished to know the age of
those awnings, whether the Lothrop family used them or other awnings,
and how reproduction awnings could be acauired. The Superintendent's
intention was, if evidence warranted, to refit the Wayside with awn-
ings during the summer. This report will show that the Lothrops did
use awnings and their reproduction and use would be appropriate for
three reasons.
First, the awnings would be one more way to restore the Wayside's
exterior appearance to HML's occupancy. Second, the awnings are
practical as well as decorative. They would protect the Wayside's
interiors from sun damage in a fitting and attractive manner. Third,
the Wayside decked out for summer will attract even more visitors.
Evidence for this report is gathered from material survivals, docu-
mentary photographs, and contemporary writing from the late nine-
teenth and early twentieth centuries.
486
Awnings, Italian awnings, or shades as they were variously called,
were considered an important part of home decoration at the time the
Lothrops purchased the Wayside in 1883. Originally part of the uphol-
sterer's job, awning manufacturing companies began to appear in the
late nineteenth century. F.A. Moreland in Practical Decorative Up -
holstery noted, "Nothing in all the summer furnishings supplies so
much of real comfort and benefit as the Italian awning, shielding the
apartment from the glare of sunlight, without the suffocating effect
of the shade drawn down... and also protecting the open windows on
rainy days. . . . "1
Photographic evidence indicates the acceptable use of awnings. In
Patterson, New Jersey (published in 1890), Charles A. Shriner includes
photos of noted residents' homes. Awnings abound. James A. Morris-
sea's house, for example, has striped awnings over the second floor
corner windows. These were drawn up. A similar set over the down-
stairs windows are extended. 2
The photograph file in tne Philadelphia Athenaeum includes views of
the Stewart house in Torresdale with awnings on a second floor porch.
1. F.A. Moreland, Practical Decorative Upholstery , reprinted as
The Curtain-Maker 's~Handbook (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1979): 313.
Originally published in Boston, 1890.
2. Charles A. Shriner, Patterson, New Jersey (Patterson: The Press
Printing and Publishing Company, 1890): 242.
487
The awnings have scalloped edges. The Nelson Brown Estate in Torres-
dale has a striped, eliptical awning on the first floor. The Fitler
house, also in Torresdale, has eliptical and square-sided awnings with
scalloped and straight edges. 3
These examples along with physical evidence from the Wayside (exam-
ined below) indicate that use and function ranked slightly above
appearance and uniformity in awning design and placement. Awnings
were attached where needed. If all windows on the same exposure did
not receive equal amounts of harsh sunlight, the end or facade was not
outfitted with a complete set of awnings. Household awnings (we are
not considering commercial awnings for the purposes of this report)
could be raised and lowered as needed. This was done without
consideration of the home's exterior appearance at a given time of
day. Thus, the Morrissea house would have one awning raised and one
lowered at the same time. This is important to remember in managing
reproduced awnings for the Wayside. There was some discrepancy
between the ideal display of awnings as portrayed in contemporary
advertisements and the actual use of awnings as seen in photographs.
The variety of edgings on the awnings on the Fitler home are also
significant. One might initially order a set of awnings; but if one
window awning
3. Photograph file, Philadelphia Athenaeum, Nos. 300, 308, and 310
respectively.
488
received more use and degraded before the others, it was individually
replaced. This is markedly different from acceptable interior window
hangings.
The canvas awnings were made at the shop and stretched over a metal
armature. On site, they were affixed to the exterior window frame.
F.A. Moreland writes:
The usual way of placing the window awning is
on the outside face of the frame just inside of
the blinds, so that they [the blinds] could not be
used. The end of the iron frame is hinged to the
window frame about three inches below the upper
half of the window, the frame reaching to the top
of the window when drawn up, and of course the
projection when lowered down over the window is
equal to three inches more than one half of the
window. Thus only two measures are required,
viz.: the width between the blinds, and the
height of the upper half of the window with three
inches added.
Should the window be arched at the top, take a
pattern of the arch on paper, or if a semi -cir-
cle, send the radius. Sometimes a projection is
required greater than one-half of the space, as
in the case where the awning is to be made as a
canopy over a door or similar situation, and to
raise the iron frame would carry the top far
above the limits of the space; the frame, instead
of being hinged to the wall, would be fitted to
upright rods attached to the wall and made to
slide up and down, so that when the awning was not
in use, and drawn up against the wall, the lower
ends would slide downward.
A aoor awning projecting over a flight of steps
can be placed quite low down on the door frame
489
. . . [but] . . . al low enough height for a person to
walk under. 4
In addition to using canvas to shade windows, long curtains or
shades were constructed for porches or piazzas so that residents could
enjoy summer breezes without the glaring sun. Such curtains were used
at the Wayside on the west end of the Piazza (see Illustration 6).
These were also made by the awning company. Morel and writes:
Piazza screens of awning material can be fitted
and hung as window shades with strong spring roll-
ers at the top, protected from the weather, or be
fitted with cords and rings similar to the Austri-
an shade. They should be made to fill the space
between the piazza posts or pillars, to which
during the awning season stout wires should be
stretched up and down. The screens can thus be
attached to the wire by rings on the sides and
prevented from being blown about. 5
There is no evidence that the Wayside's piazza curtains were hung in
this manner. They seem to have hung from curtain rods or poles that
were attached to the eaves of the porch.
As Morel and implies, awnings could operate on a roller system. A
trade catalog for Jay C. Wemple Co. in Chicago (1895) advertised
"perfected Spring Awning rollers which are most desireable, as being
4. Moreland, p. 314.
5. Ibid.
490
the only way of hanging awnings; as by their use the cloth is pre-
served and economy in space afforded. "6 Sears and Montgomery Ward
both sold pulleys and rollers for awnings. Both businesses adver-
tised awnings for sale in their catalogs, but only listed white
canvas or heavy duck cloth (so named because of its impermeability).
They did not picture ready-made awnings nor did they sell striped
canvas fabric.
Striped or solid awnings seem to have been the favored types. While
a variety of stripes were available, greens and browns seem to have
the highest survival rate and this might indicate a popular prefer-
ence. Consumers were discouraged from purchasing reds because the
cost to produce a sun-fast red fabric increased the cost of the awn-
ing (according to Wemple). We know that the Wayside's awnings were
striped green and white from photographic evidence and from MML's
testimony. The current awnings in the attic are also green and white;
out these were not original to HML's occupancy.
The Wayside awning sample is labeled "Artistic Brand/made by/The
Hettrick Mfg. Co. /Summit & Magnolia Toledo 0." A check with the
Toledo-Lucas County Public Library reveals that the Hettrick Brothers
6. Jay C. Wemple Co., New York and Chicago, importers of window
shade and awning hardware, 1895. Philadelphia Athenaeum.
491
Co. was founded in Toledo in 1893. The Hettrick Manufacturing Co.
was incorporated in 1916, and 1918 was the first year that the com-
pany was listed in the city directory at the Summit and Magnolia
Streets location. The company closed its Toledo plant in 1961 and
moved its operations to North Carolina. 7 Because MML does not
mention purchasing new awnings for the Wayside in any of her inter-
views (it's quite possible that no one asked her), I would assume that
the awnings in the attic might have been old to her during her inter-
views in the nineteen sixties. They probably post-date HML's life-
time, judging by their condition. The set that I examined were cot-
ton canvas, printed on one side. They were machine stitched with
double needle stitching and could be adjusted with white cotton
cords. The armature was galvanized metal, not iron. They could be
attached to the window frame with cotter pins through grommet holes in
the canvas. Considering that the awnings were exposed to bright sun-
light while in use they did not exhibit great deterioration. I would
tentatively date these awnings as about twenty years old, and proba-
bly no older than the nineteen thirties. They are certainly not the
first set of awnings at the Wayside; but they probably replicate the
others in size since they were attached in the same manner. We know
7. See attached xeroxes of newspaper clippings and appropriate
pages from Toledo City Directories. I am grateful to James L. Mur-
phey, Reference Librarian, Toledo-Lucas County Public Library, for
locating this information.
492
from Illustration 1 that the house had awnings at least since MML
was about three (1886). Whether these were a Lothrop addition or
already on the house when they purchased the Wayside is difficult to
tell.
The Wayside had awnings on three sides of the house. Because it is
always shaded, the north side did not have awnings. Illustration 3
shows the metal attachments in the window frame that held the awnings
in place. These markers are still present and can act as guides for
determining the size and placement of reproduction awnings. Illus-
tration 1, the earliest view of the Lothrops and their awnings, shows
striped awnings with deeply cut, scalloped edges. The awnings pulled
up when not in use. Note that the awning over the west window of
Una's room encloses the exterior shutters or blinds so that these can
be closed while the awning is in place.
Illustration 2, a reception for Mrs. John A. Logan in August, 1890,
shows the Lothrops 1 new piazza draped with an enormous American flag.
The flag is not as heavy as awning material but it adequately solves
the problem of appropriate decor for a patriotic event, while keeping
the main participants out of the sun. Such a flag, reproduced, would
add a great deal to the Wayside's appearance on important occasions
and provide interpreters with the opportunity to discuss the outdoor
events and pageants that HML orchestrated. If such flags are no
493
longer available from established manufacturers, contact the Philadel-
phia College of Textiles and Science, Henry Avenue and School House
Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144. This school designed a cus-
tom-made flag for the entrance to New York's harbor in 1979.
A view of the Wayside's south elevation, taken about 1892 (Illus-
tration 4), shows a large, striped, eliptical awning over the center
second floor hall. This awning reaches from below the cornice at the
apex of the pediment to a projection that appears to be on the same
plane as the bay window system on the first floor below it. The
awning gives the house the appearance of a gay circus tent. Also note
the absence of awnings on the first floor front window at that
time.
Illustration 5 shows the bay awning drawn up. It forms a point with
two swags at either side, similar to Morel and's Austrian shade
awnings. We have no surviving record of the mechanical construction
of this awning.
Illustration 6 shows the piazza drapes. These seem to have been
striped, multi-colored canvas. HML did keep them drawn behind the
pillars as Morel and advises. They seem to have been more colorful
than the awnings. A brown, white, and green Roman stripe is recom-
mended for these reproductions.
494
The Old House Journal Buyer's Guide lists Astrup Company, 2937 W. 25
Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44113, (216) 696-2800, as a source of repro-
duction awnings and awning hardware. It is quite possible that any
awning manufacturer could reproduce the Wayside's awnings using the
illustrations in this report and the awning sample in the attic as
general guides. The awnings can easily be removed by park personnel
and stored in the attic when out of season. Their appearance while in
place should reflect use, not uniformity. Draw them up or down as
required by the sunlight in the room. In the nineteenth century,
before central air conditioning, the awnings were left down when it
rained, thus allowing the windows to remain open. While the windows
at the Wayside might not remain open at all times, it is certainly not
necessary to raise the awnings in case of rain. With regards to
replacement of sun-rotted awnings, the curator will probably find it
desirable to retain a set of patterns so that new awnings can be
manufactured to resemble the reproductions and the park will be
protected should a vendor go out of business.
495
ILLUSTRATIONS
497
Illustration 1.
The Lothrops and friend, Miss Peabody, at the
Wayside, 1886.
Source: MMNHP.
498
Illustration 2.
Reception for Mrs. John A. Logan at the Wayside,
August, 1890.
Source: MMNHP.
500
niustration 3.
Close-up of window, second floor, east end showing
awning attachments.
Source: MMNriP.
502
■
■-:
m
■
Illustration 4.
Awnings, south elevation, c. 1892,
Source: MMNHP.
504
Mil
Illustration 5.
Awnings, south elevation, c. 1892 with bay awning
drawn up.
Source: MMNHP.
506
Illustration 6.
Awnings, west elevation, showing piazza drapes
Source: MMNHP.
APPENDIX
Newspaper Accounts of Awning Manufacturer
510
Smith Leaves Hettrick;
EggaSWSP 1 ^ President
Outgoing Executive Expects To Continue
In Distribution Of Company's Products
Resignation of W. I. Smith as chairman, president
And director of Hettrick Manufacturing Co. and' the
flection of Edward J. Eggart, management expert, to
succeed him as president and director was announced
today.
Mr. Smith, long associ-
ated with the firm, sub-
mitted his resignation for
health reasons, but expects
in the future to work in the dis-
tribution of Hettrick products.
I. P. Smith, formerly board
chairman, resigned in August.
Mr. Eggart is a principal in
the management consulting
firm of Worden & Risberg of
Hettrick Manufacturing, with
general offices in Toledo, also
has plants in Goshen and An-
drews, Ind., and Statesville,
N.C. Presently there are 814
employees.
The company manufactures
and distributes casual furniture,
camping equipment, play good3,
and fabricates canvas goods in-
cluding boat and motor covers,
Philadelphia and San Francisco, awnings and tents
TOLEDO BLADE: WLDNIlSDAI', AlA* ^0, iyo9
Hettrick Executive Post
Goes To Frank M. Crook
Sales Organization,
Four Plants To Be
Under His Direction
The election of Frank M.
.Crook, 1138 East River Rd.,
Perrysburg, former Crane Co.
executive, as executive vice
president of the Hettrick Mfg.
Co. was announced today by
Ern-st Horvath, president.
Mr. Crook will have his head-
quarters in Toledo and will take
charge of four Hettrick plants
in three states together with
the company's own sales or-
ganization in 48 states, Mr.
Horvath said.
Mr. Crook has been in gen-
eral management and sales
development 31 years. For the
lust 20 years he was president
of Toledo Desk & Fixture Co.,
Maumee, until recently a sub-
sidiary of Crane. Under 1 his
management, that firm be-
came one of the nation's lead-
ing makers of steel kitchen
cabinets.
Hettrick Firm's
Sale Is Ratified
OCT 2 3 1958
Eastern Company
Pays $20 For Stock
Sale of Hettrick Manufactur-
ing Co., 1401 Summit St., to
Boott Mills, Lowell, Mass., was
ratified yesterday by Hettrick
directors after 86 per cent of
"the firm's stock was turned in.
The dpal, involving more than
$-3 million, was handled by Col-
lin. Norton &t Co., Toledo in-
vestment house. Under Boott's
proposal, made Oct. 3. the east-
ern firm is paying $20 a share i
for Hettrick stock. The Toledo
Trust Co. today is sending out
checks covering the turned-in
Ptnck.
E. J. Eggart, president of
Hettrick, said today that all of
'the outstanding Hettrick stock
probably will be surrendered
eventually and that payment
will be made as soon as it
comes in.
According to a previous an-
nouncement, Boott will retain
present Hettrick management
and current manufacturing and
merchandising policies. Also,
the Hettrick Toledo plant, with
1250 employees, will be main-
tained.
Hettrick manufactures sum-
mer and casual furniture, awn-
ings, camping equipment, hunt-
ihg and "ports clothing and has
plants in Andrews, Huntington
■and Goshen. Ind., and States-
ville, N.C, as well as the home
plant in Toledo.
Boott Mills is a subsidiary of
Massachusetts Mohair Plush
Co.. which has planis and
offices throughout the country.
FRANK M. CROiOK
Hettrick vice preiident
Variety Of Manufactures
Hettrick, a wholly owned
subsidiary of the Buckeye
Corp., Springfield, O., manu-
factures summer and casual
xfurniture, awnings, camping
*«iuipment, hunting and sport
clothing, marine and other play
and sporting equipment. Its
industrial division produces
belting, web strappings, tar-
paulins and laundry textiles.
The 66-year-old company, re-
j garded as the world's largest
producer of tents and canvas
products, operates plants in
Toledo, Statesville, N.C; Gosh-
en and Andrews, Ind. Total
employment is in excess of 850
with 290 at Toledo, 220 at
Statesville, 135 at Goshen and
205 at Andrews.
More Diversification
In making the announcement,
Mr. Horvath said greater di-
versification, including revitali-
zation of Hettrick's entire man-
ufacturing and marketing oper-
ations, is being undertaken.
"We believe Mr. Crook's
longtime experience as an or-
ganizer and sales executive
will enable us to far exceed
our previous sales high of $12
'"ion a year," he added.
Mr. Crook said he plans a
streamlining of existing pro-
duction techniques throughout
the company's operation to
permit the addition of new pro-
duction lines in existing facili-
ties. This will lead toward
increased employment ^at To. i
I ledo and other plant locations"",'
he said.
Pointing up the direction of'
Hettrick's future plans. Mr. \
Crook said that he has.al-J
i'«dy engaged the services of |
well known stylists for the:
I complete revamping of Het-1
i trick's 1960 line of summer
I and casual furniture.
511
Bontli
ion* S€99,
!129 Kint
gton r "l~"
ucon (R):
South.' av
:lao> Go'
1
n av 'J. 4 *,^
,outh av-/jj
/ - • •< %l
G Hermann
. - i*i
jBter av
rr U»i
wood a^-i
id av • 'i (.'■
jo
Central avj
vlbton
Stratford.^
- ■•■>,■;
i pi
Dorr
*ay
e 6 e
ot
9 Erie
iden-
ClnleyJaviTw
Womahi-
.. .'Tia
Adrian *-*1
>bey Glaajjl
Segur av"*^
V Ccntral ;
rre av
ftvarre av'
lerman
rlc
wood av ! "-j
rwood av
iMnewood'
oe h736
7V- WaahU
2th -"
012 F6rs$
1910 Loct
:ds 802 Dor
lia
e NavaV _
pcrior .' T ttJ
e
tros Co
/a dr Polh{
hr 1340 V^
embroMet
rang*
range
h327R Map
54 Mlchlga.1
970 Mlchlg
Michigan 1
gan ,l -
\aat Dlv
Chase,
Chase '
crane ' oi
Jonathan')?
Detroit
4i89; Bell Ft
)VAB1
9
'L-' — —
Jiie Toledo Fuel Co-
art f\ A 1 Hard, Soft and
VUAlw pocahonta*
Tcitdc G+y D.'r^cto-y, l c M7
Home of GENUINE
Solvay Coke
208-9 Second Natl Bank Bldg. and 50 Main SL
-TOLEDO CITT DIRECTORY— 1917
513
JKaler Anton Janitor 2d Natl Bank
.-bldg- hl33 E Broadway
frrtiiu lab h2672 Kress
ftVooMiile C polisher h2135 Wakeman
ij£iiln Lawrence P tailor r411 Wal-
I v gtn av
tSlfary B ( wld Ja » R > h411 Walden av
!£cy|vester D oil driller r411 Walden av
| dialing Bernard H ship elk Berdan &
(CT Co ii654 Ashwood av
li/rurence elk r534 E WoodrufT av
->Kdw J elk Berdan & Co h832 Booth
"f Henry H collr Johnson Bros Furn Co
■k- r 4i3 Williams
Mini H foremn h534 E Woodruff av
sJhlorma M elk rB34 E Woodruff av
^filter Arvld O slsmn 1U447 Palmwood
3/Htb (wld Patk H) rl853 Champlam
rp^rdun »tcn U S Dept of AsrioilfM"
a^ M r il7 20th
l^Barry T glasswkr rl950 Ontario
Kino mtrmn r J V Hester
'lino V glasswkr h Josephine av (PP1)
**B»]ph c de Pt m S r Tol R & L Co
fcfe-- n Tol Beach
•tLiton Edna H r2224 Rosewood av
Kiiura E r2224 Rosewood av
PJflwls E slsmn h2224 Rosewood av
sitf.ry M tchr rl78 Watova rd (W)
?J: V R tchr P S r82 Wlldwood
^•Hobt F ctv ens E H Close Realty Co
f?*>J 3145 Cambridge av
' Vst BaP tist Church Heston sw cor
Pine wood av
iwm M sales promotion Firestone Tire
£ *■ Rubber Co rl78 Watova rd (W)
»'wm P elsmn hl78 Watova rd (W)
,tta"rlngton Louise S tchr P S rl38
lnurah L tchr r!38 13th
K$£ t Anna maid East Side Hosp rll53
'Vrick Chas H elk P.O h351 W Dela-
ware av
intra, nurse r3376 Parkwood av
rfvrun P gro 803 Broadway h do
icarl VV foremn rll St Bernard dr
ifLj p slsmn h2074 Starr av
IThw J 8hlp clk To1 Metal Wheel Co
| ' hi 141 Palmwood av
ttfm C carp hll St Bernard dr
htte» nelmcr Harvey L asmblr hl349 W
Bancroft
M y ger Casslus M C optician 809 Mon-
ioe h do
j.»el B rl411 Colton
tjjtler Geo A phys h2, 819 Huron
Mima" Jos lab h604 Hillsdale av (R)
jHxe r2145 Jefferson av
SJ^fgle asmblr rl709 Detroit av
iTnnlor r2108 Glenwood av
Jtjala <wld Edw C) r40l W Manhat-
tan boul
-ThH K MANCTFACTURING CO,
THK. XVm E Hettrlck Trea and
h<' frt-«x. J B Brrrmann Vlce-Prea,
^ ^uriir A Felllinch Sec, Mfr» of
inning*, Tentn, FlnKS, 1'nnvni
f«Trr» nnd Cnnvna Ucltlnit, cor
■MK nn< ' Fernwood >\, Tclm
H»»e Main 1-2-3, Bell Forcat 121B-
llia, Belt Factory 1228 Onkvrood nv,
j| |«f« right bottom linen)
Millard S Rev hl709 Detroit av
TTRlCK WM E, Pre« nnd Trena The
g,Hrlrk Mfa Co, h 2108 Glenwood
'•y Home Tel Pnrk 2148
«u| Chas trav r314 11th
o«o J baker h529 Tecumseh
iinjer Leo A lab rl202 E Bancroft
Cf.r lab rl202 E Bancroft
•Jer Ella h716 Orange
Uetamer i
Hetzner Wm B Insp rl24 16th
Heuer see also Heyer
" Chas h 905 Blum
" Ella elk r905 Blum
" Henry C ship elk Campbell Lmbr &
Mfg Co h727 Western av
• Lorenzo F lab h2103 Summit av
" Wm E toed mkr hlll2 Prospect av
Heuerman Aug C shipper h2545 Foraker
" Clara L (wid Ernest) h580 Colburn
" Herbert W metal wkr r580 Colburn
" Lydla M r530 Colburn
" Mabel P sten W H Heuerman & Son
r774 Redwood av
" Mary H dom 2707 Parkwood av
" Wilbur E (Wm H Heuerman & Son)
hll32 Halsted
" Wm H (Wm H Heuerman & Son)
hT74 Rpdwnnd nv
" Wm H & Son (Wm H and Wilbur E)
conlis 1952 Broadway
Heumann Jno H rec elk Lasalle & Koch
rl520 Jefferson av
Heupel Cath H (wld Julius) rl833 Glen-
wood av
" Geo W slsmn h620 Oakwood av
" Irving G r620 Oakwood av
" Ravmond C mach h3261 Glenwood av
Haverly Effle R (wld Saml) rl858 Chase
" Earl Insp rl858 Chase
" Florence M Insp Lasalle & Koch rl858
Chase
" Hannah M smstrs rl530 Michigan
" Wm S mach hl858 Chase
Hewitt Belle (wld David) rll26 Earl
" Chas E mgr S S Kresge's rl525 Col-
llngwood av
" Colllstla R (wld Erwln) rl723 Lib-
erty
" David porter Glnder Bros
"Florence B rl. Harold Arms Ter
" Harrison mach r527 Locust
" Henry H v-pres The Harnlt & He-
witt Co hi. Harold Arms Ter
" Jno E barber 1708 Woodville hl723
Liberty
," Percy lab h348 Indiana av
" Phyles lab rl723 Liberty
" Wayne L barber rl723 Liberty
Hewson Robt slsmn Gen Elec Co h2340
* Detroit av
Heybeck Carl rl317 Dorr
Heyde Paul V D electn h421 Western av
Heyden Marie G opr C U T Co rll61
South av
Heydenberk Herbert H mach h3. 2117
Jefferson av
Heyder Geo butcher r388 Dorr
Heyer Emma emp Tledtke's rl939 Erie
HEYElt FERDINAND C, DR. Oateo-
pnltile Phyaiclnn. 42S-42»-l30 Ohio
.Bldtr, Home Tel Mnln 32S2-1R. h 531
Colllna, Home Tel Main 32S2-2R
" Geo E engraver r884 South av
" Johanna (wld Jno) h rear 677 Con-
gress
" Paul E elk r884 South av
" Richard mach h884 South av
" Ruby L r3, 216 W Bancroft
" Sophia (wld Lowls) rl042 Orchard
Heyman see also Helmann
"Albert W trucker hl321 Walte av
" Bernard H checker r711 S Erie
" Chas A eng W & L E Ry h540 East-
ern av
■ Chas M mach r540 Eastern av
■ Esther M elk C Schlagheck r711 S
Erie
" Flavel E mgr Up-to-Date Tailoring
Co r326 Elm
"Frank W bartndr hi, 12 15th
f E TOLEDO TIRE & SUPPLY CO. ^}*™*™™.
.243 ERIE ST. VULCANIZING Ijt 4 £&|AH4>
flto Accessories, Apparel tires
dro/cexs
MUNICIPAL
INDUSTRIAL
NON-TAX
CORPORATION
BONDS
Prefcr/vd
SiocksSzt
Iwestment
Securities
MEMBEfcS
N.Y.STDCK
EXCHANBE
/zesr fioo/z
GfiGDNER.
BIDS.
Phonos
\&\e>
512
icieiic Ut
7 V\
(tt
l or/ j
ntV
The Kirschner-Wideman Co. ^zwlj, f t |(|[<
Real Estate — Insurance — Loans — Surety Bond R , p , *
U Am . Ph... 917 7CM MADMN AVFNIIF. R.ll Pk„„- lb: OOtll 1 UOnCS 1>
Homa Phone 237
708 MADISON AVENUE
Bell Phone 36
514
1918 — TOLEDO DIRECTORY OO'S
llenrlek
Heerick Jos E driver hl252 Foster av
Hess Albert S chauf r Geo Hess
"Chas B bkpr D L & W Coal Co h2.
2420 Glenwood av
" Chas E gard ss Jerusalem Stone rd
1 e of Wheeling hdo
" Clarence J optometrist J J Freeman
Co h9 Victoria apts
" Claude lab r857 W Central av
" Diedrlch Janitor r2716 Albion
" Ellz (wid Ferdinand C) r6l4 Stratford
"Finest F r614 Stratfoid pi
" Frank car repr hl220 South av
" Fred lab h ns Woodville rd 4 w Beth-
any '
" Geo lab r2829 Lawrence av
* Geo H autowkr h810 McKinley av
* Geo J gard ns Jerusalem Stone rd
1 e of Wheeling 1) do
"Glenn F lnsp r217 Utah
"Grace E fin sec Tol Women's Assn
r2924 Colllngwood av
■ Harry H dept mgr Tiedtke'e rl210
Jefferson av
" Harry W foremn h309 Adrian
" Henry W chemist Llbbey Glass Co
r614 Stratford pi
" Herman H millwright h526 Lewis av
" Jas F watchman h857 W Central av
" Jno contr' 1205 Navarre av h do
" Jno eng hlSll Western av
" Jno B sausagemkr h820 Sherman
" Louis lab r309 Adrian
" Louis D driver h217 Utah
" Mary M (wid Gottlieb) r Geo J Hess
" Orley W springmkr h831 Plnewood av
" Otto barber 601 Monroe h736 Colllng-
wood av
" Peter F elk Tol Blade res Woodville
" Ralph elk h2818 Monroe
" Wm soldier rl220 Jackson
" Wm C lab h425 Vance
"Willis C trav h2, 818 Michigan
Hessberger Jos A dry goods 802 Dorr
h80l Magnolia
" Jos E tel opr h805 Magnolia
Hesse Albert In charge U S Navy Re-
cruiting Station r711 Superior
" Anna A r O A Hesse
" Chas W meatctr r~ll Superior
" Edw W plmbr h20i6 Franklin av
" Ida A r345 Irving
" Otto A foremn h ns Ottawa dr 3 e of
Point PI rd
Hessel Callle music tchr 1340 W Dela-
ware r do
" Geo lab rl217 Miami
Hesselbart Luclle r2306 Lagrange
" Martin mach h2306 Lagrange
Hessenbrock Gusta r3007 Albion
Hessenius Erna rl9B4 Michigan
" Erwln M electn hl970 Michigan
* Mlchl G mach hd hl954 Michigan
" Slna dom 2471 Glenwood av
HBSSER JACOB It. Genl Initp Dlv Of
Inspection h 1837 Chuae, Tel Dell
Main 3134
" Marlon A rl837 Chase
Hesslck Clarence L h28li Front
" Clifton lab h2379 York
Hessler Anton car repr hl33 E Broadway
" Chas blksmlth h2572 Kress
" Roamie C polisher h2135 Wakeman
» Walter C elk Tol Scale Co r2434 Law-
ton av
Hesslln Lawrence P tailor r41l Waiden
" Mary E (wid Jas R) h411 Waiden av
" Sylvester D oil driller r4ll Waiden av
Hessllng Bernard H elk Berdan Co h654
Ashwood av
" Clarence lab r534 E Woodruff av
" Edw J elk Berdan Co h832 Booth av
IICMMllllg
Frank mach hd r2018 Smead av
TO
"rnmil
lerman Anna phone "Pi
rnold H plmbr r580 Co
" Henry J collr Johnson Bros Furn f/"»« h254" Forakor a
r308 Oliver i a * , '.J i.' r ne>(ti h&
"Jos H foremn h534 E Woodruff ftv »ra L (w ld ^rnesU n
" Norma r534 E Woodruff av I ' * r ?,f V t J r
HTester Arvld O slsmn Tol R & L |' ^" 'J* cf £" 1132 Mai
hl447 Palmwood av ft- 1 ' D 4T h n °n» wkr h774
"Burt grinder hl37 Huron i^i "rffh f wldT Jul i«)
"Cath J (wid Patk H) hl853 Champl- '»"' , Ca Q ^ (wld J,,MU8;
Geo porter rl401 Miami «,„ °°2 *„,„.„_ hT>Sl Gl
Gordon F elk TT S Dept of Agrrleult**- * ec °f at ° 5 t and %
h3222 Cottage av kc« nlv,,,^ «»
ttage
" Harry T glasswkr hl950 Ontario
Jas mach hi US S 15th
h620 Oakwood av
•aymond C r32fil G\en]
Beach
" Robt P drftsmn G M Jones Co bz»
"St^B^tlst 6 cWch Heston sw f gar r«0» Stlckney av
Plnewood av ■■
" Wm M slsmn Firestone Tire & B u
ber Co rl78 Watova rd (W)
" Wm P slsmn hl78 Watova rd
Heter Wlllard K r636 Valleywood dr
Hetherlngton Alice Mrs h5. 1515 Jea
son av
" Alice student ro. 1515 Jefferson av
" Louise tchr r5, 1515 Jefferson av
" Wm soldier r714 E Bancroft
Hetman Jos lab h604 Hillsdale av (B)
Hetrick, see also Hedrick and Hettn
" Chas H elk P O h351 W Delaware
" Clara nurse Flower Hospital
" Cyrus P gro 3301 Bishop h do
" Earl W carp rll St Bernard dr
" Fred D elec eng Creamery Packs
Mfg Co h2074 Starr av •y«r"««i also Heuer
"Theo J elk hU41 Palnn x>d av 8^' ^ tel opr N Y
"Wm C carp hll St Bernard dr , '•"")» C tel opr
Hettesheimer Harvey L mach hl333 ^Jie
Bancroft F'ER FERDINAM
Earl
■has P detective rl510
enry H v-pres The He
■ Co hi Harold Arms te
ho E barber 1708 W
Liberty
^'ITT O PERCY, Hot
Ind I.tinch Room. IllRh
■n«I Conrteouii Attentl
. Tel Bell Forent 04. h 1
'hlllp lab hU25 Vlnal
"ayne L barber rl723 I
L, son Robt slsmn Genei
h4. 2340 Detroit av
Tde Paul electn h633
Vdenberk Bert H mete
2117 Jefferson av
^dinger Edw (Klnsely
h«23 Nevada
Hettinger Casslus
Monroe h do
M C optician
Bltfg. Home Tel M»
"Hazel B elk Emch's Drug Store rHfc&31 CoHln.. Home Te'
Colton , eo E etlgT r x h
Hettler Geo phys (U 8 A) h214. 2H ><" '"hanna (wid Jno) h
Hettrlck. see also Hedrick and Httru Kress a n „.h i
" Bernlce M r2108 Glenwood av f^chd la b n884 Hoi in
" Lydia (wid Edw C) r401 W Manh» kphla L (wid Lewis) *
t»n houl Urtian, see also Heiman
tan Doul r, Mbert W lab hl321 W
rTRICK MANUFACTURING * fcrnard H elk M C R 1
THE. Wm E Hettrlok Pre. » Cha" H en* h540 East
Trenn. J B Breynmnn Vlee-r" Chas macn r540 E;
George A Fellbaeh Sec. Mfr« of A' g,^ 54Q Ea3tern av
ln*«. Tonln, Fln««, Ciinvna C»>' Rather M rTll S Erie
un.l Cnnvnx Belting. 1401-30 *"■"?, frank W bartndr hi.
IIETTRICK
pnthlc Phyalolon.
4
4i
cor MiiKiiolln. l>Ui Home Mala 45!
4312-4,113. Bell Main 480< See r<
bottom llnea)
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HETTRICK WM E. Pre« and Tre«» J ' ■ Drln , 6r „ 406-8 Jackf
Hettrlok M(K Co. h 2108 Glen"** »j^ ann p au t r pres
Home Tel Pnrk 21441
jo (Heyman & Stoek
Jirry A eng h522U, F
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Hetzc^l Chas soldier r314 11th
'■' Geo J baker h629 Tecumseh
" Violet elk Hettrlck Mfg Co ro29
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Hetzner Wm B watchman h B. ion
Bancroft
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" Amanda D r905 Blum
" Chas A lab h905 Blum
" Ella F drsmkr 905 Biiim r do
" Henry tallymn h737 Western av
" Henry A autowkr r737 Western »'
" Walter E r905 Blum
" Wm E toolmkr hlll2 Prospect
J.E.SWEATMAN
Plumbing Goods at Wholesale and Retail
513
Home P. Main 1 14
Bell P. Main 62 12
449 Huron
The Ohio plate & W
. h.2416 Putnam
Klchd C elk The Ohio 1
T* Glass Co r241G Put
*Sn, see also Heln and
Augusta Mrs hll04 V
Edwin W (E W Hey
__ Glenwood av
I W & Co (E W Heyn
man) whol llQUors
Frieda r624 Arcadia I
Villus h225S Glenwoo
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Rosalie r3, *»05 W Ba
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PUBLIC AC<
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Manufacturer Is
Taken By Death
Photo by Lewis Studio.
W. E. HETTRICK
W. E. Hettrick
Dies After 2
Month Illness
IUu ;-<^
Toledoan Helped Build
Up Largest Canvas
Goods Factory In Coun-
try During War.
Won Big Contracts
William E. Hettrick. 58. through
whoa© genius and executive ability
the largest canvas goods factory In
the United States was developed In
Toledo, died Thursday night at his
home, 2108 Glenwood avenue.
Hettrick had been i!l for more
than two months, but his death was
attributed directly to heart disease.
He was born In Chicago. Aug. 25,
1870, but came to Toledo at the age
of 10 and was educated In the public
schools here.
In 1893. with his broth»r Edward
F. Hettrick. he founded the Hettrick
Bros. Co , which was incorporated
as the Hettrick Manufacturing Co.
In 1900. During the Spanish -Amei i-
can war their reputation was suffi-
ciently established to enable them
to secure a contract from the gov-
ernment for army tents which caused
a rapid expansion in the business.
Busy During War.
The company did a large business
In all parts of the United Btates
and In South America Many men
who later founded similar businesses
were trained under Hett'lck. who be-
came recognized as a leader in the
canvas goods industry. At one time
bis factories employed more than
1,000 men and consumed the output
of several mills.
The government used Hettrick
tents and covers during the World
war, and the factory came to be one
of the. largest buyers of canvas and
cotton goods In the nation. The
main plant was located at 1401 Sum-
mit street.
In July. 1927. he withdrew from
the Hettrick Manufacturing Co. to
start the new firm of W. E. Hettrick
& Son, which continued to deal In
cotton goods. His eon, William E.
Hettrick. Jr.. was the Junior partner,
and is expected to take over the con-
duct of the business.
Besides his son, Hettrick leaves his
wife. Mrs. Alice E. Hettrick: a daugh-
ter, Mrs. T. L. Young, and a slater,
Mrs. D. P. Boyd, all of Toledo.
He was a 32nd degree Mason and
a member of Zenobla Shrine, and of
the Elks. The body was taken to
the Foth <k Son funeral home. Serv-
ices probably will be held Monday,
with interment in Woodlawn ceme-
tery.
W. E. HETTRICK
TAKEN BY DEATH
, e *\-\q-2/?
Claimed by Death
William F. Hettrick
William K. Hettrick, 5B, presi-
dent of the W, E. Hettrick A Son,
Inc., who riled In lils home, 2108
(ilenwoml avenue, Friday nl^ht.
Is shown in Mi* accompanying
picture.
514
Toledo Manufacturer Dies
in Home Following
Heart Attack.
William E. Hettrick, 68. president
and treasurer of the W. E. Hettrick
A Son, Inc.. well-known manufac-
turer, died Friday night In his home,
2108 Glenwood avenue.
Mr. Hettrick had been In ill health
more than two months, but his death
was attributed to heart disease.
Funeral services will be conducted
in the home Monday at 2 P. M. by
members of the Scottish rite, and
by Dr. Stephen K. Mahon. Burial
will be In Woodlawn cemetery.
Born in Chicago, Aug. 25, 1870, he
came to Toledo when 10 years old,
and was educated in the public
schools here.
Started Business in 1893
His father, a sailmaker, the young
man became interested in canvas
goods and with $300, most of which
was borrowed, embarked in his first
business venture in 1893. Mr. Het-
trick was foreman, salesman and
worker. With bis brother. Edwrasdj
F., associated with him, the business
was incorporated in 1900 as the
Hettrick Manufacturing Co.
The Spanish -American war
brought a contract from the United
States government for army tents
which caused a rapid expansion In
the business. Mr. Hettrick immedi-
ately began construction of a build-
ing of his own.
The company did a large business
in all parts of the United States and
In South America. At one time, his
factories consumed the output of
several mills, and employed more
than 1.000 men. The main plant was
at 1401 Summit street.
War Brings Expansion
During the World war, the gov-
ernment purchased tents and covers
from the Hettrick Co. and the fac-
tory became one of the largest
buyers of canvas and cotton goods
in the nation.
Mr. Hettrick withdrew from the
Hottrlck Manufacturing Co. In July]
1927, to establish the new firm of
W. E. Hettrick & Son, Inc., asso-
ciating with him as a Junior partner,
his son, William E. Hettrick, Jr.
Besides his son, Mr. Hettrick Is
survived by his wife, Alice E.; a
daughter, Mrs. Thomas L. Young,
and a sister, Mrs. D. P. Boyd, all of
Toledo.
He was a 32nd degree Mason and
a member of the Zenobla Shrine and
the Toledo lodge of Elks.
-^>«<u \- »**-&<{
\o
leeic 1
_L \n Oust v- 1 t-^
y\ ^\\< .ck /v\o^^ if
C/f/u / i ^i ^
Mr. Brooks
Hettrick Promotes
W. M. Brooks To
Product Manager
The promotion of Wesley M.
Brooks. 3087 12lst St., to prod-
uct manager ■• for both the
marine products and play, pool
Equipment de-
partment* of
Hettrick Man-
ufacturing Co.,
bL Toledo, has
been an-
nounced by
Russe'll L.
£ a w s on, ad-
ministrator of
marketing and
m e r c h a n-
tiising.
,- Fqr the last
y e a r. M r.
Brooks, has been special ma-
rine sales representative for
Hettrick. working with major
hoat manufacturers on wind-
shield designs, covers, cush-
ions, seats and other equip-
Brooks will be responsible for
the design, development and
marketing of Hettrick's ma-
rine products line as well as
play and swimming pools. The
cfompany is expanding its prod-
uct lines in these areas.
" Mr Brooks is a graduate of
Western Michigan University
and attended Columbia Univer-
sity's graduate school.
''Hettrick is one of the nation s
largest manufacturers of sport-
ing goods, casual furniture,
children's play equipment
canvas products and farm and
industrial goods.
The company, a subsidiary
of Buckeye Corp., Springfield.
. has plants in Statesville,
N.C.; Goshen and Andrews,
Ind., as- well as in Toledo.
General offices are in Toledo,
Hettrick To Close Toledo
Plant, Move To North Carolina
Tent Manufacturer Announces Decision
To Shut Down To 150 Employees
Hettrick Manufacturing Co.
is, closing its administrative
offices and Lent-manufacturing
operations in Toledo and mov-
ing them to the company's
Statesville, N.C. plant, Al Tom-
bari, executive vice president,
said today
Mr. Tombari announced the
decision to 150 Toledo employ-
ees yesterday. He said he did
not know how many employees
would move, too, but that Some
production workers would go,
and administrative and key
personnel were being encour-
aged to do so.
Moving; Within fiO Days
Present plans call for moving
administrative offices to North
Carolina this month and pro-
duction operations within 60
days.
The decision to move was
based in part on the inability
to find a more economical
plant in the Toledo area more
suited to tent manufacturing,
Mr. Tombari said. The Het-
trick plant at 1401 Summit St.
contains 300,000 square feet and
only 77.000 square feet is being
used, Mr. Tombari said.
Another factor was that the
source of raw materials (can-
vas) is closer to the Statesville
plant. This facility contains
165,000 square feet and is used
to manufacture tents, awnings,
hunting and fishing clothing
and tarpaulins.
Selling Belting Operation
Hettrick is attempting to sell
its industrial belting manufac-
turing operation to some local
concern and this will not.be in-
cluded in the move, Mr. Tom-
bari said.
Hettrick was founded here in
1893 and in the 1950s was con-
sidered the world's largest
manfacturer of canvas
products.
The company was sold in
1958 to Buckeye Corp. for $3
million.
Buckeye announced in Sep-
tember that all metal furniture
manufacturing o p e r a t i ons
would be consolidated at plants
in Florida. This meant the
closing of a factory at Goshen,
Ind., employing from 10 to 350
persons.
515
As the nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the
Interior has basic responsibilities to protect and conserve our land and
water, energy and minerals, fish and wildlife, parks and recreation
areas, and to ensure the wise use of all these resources. The
department also has major responsibility for American Indian reservation
communities and for people who live in island territories under U.S.
administration .
Publication services were provided by the graphics staff of the Denver
Service Center. NPS 2117
